Food And Nutrition As a Social Determinant Of Heal

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Due to media exposure most of us are to some extent aware of the health disadvantages of Third World populations and their relation to sociological issues like poverty, lack of proper food and nutrition and inadequacies of health care. Yet the average person might not realise and would be shocked to find that vast differences in health outcomes and age expectancy also exist within affluent countries where access to proper nutrition and healthcare is generally taken for granted. In Australia, for example, the average life expectancy for indigenous Australians is between 17-19 years less than for their non-indigenous counterparts (Cunningham & Paradies, 2000, as cited in National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC], 2000), and the incidence of low birth weight amongst babies born to indigenous mothers is up to twice that found amongst non-indigenous births (National Health and Medical Research Council [NHMRC], 2000). According to the World Health Organisation ([WHO], 2008) such drastic differences in health status seen within a country are unfair and avoidable, and addressing these is not only a matter of social justice but also a human rights obligation (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2005). By focusing on the social determinants of health within a population, i.e. the living conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age and shortfalls in the country’s health system, we can target social inequalities and achieve health equity within countries (WHO, 2008). Whereas biomedicine focuses on the medical causes of disease, the social determinants of health approach looks beyond these boundaries and instead focuses on the social origins influencing people’s health status (Germov, 2009, p.15). In a recent report, the National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission ([NHHRCC], 2009) determined food and nutrition to be a crucial aspect in the
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