The portal of entry and the portal of exit are virtually the same and include: the respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract and the skin. Some conditions that could potentially make a host more susceptible to an infection are: A compromised immune system, the age of the host (very young or very old are more susceptible), stress, overall poor health or a pre-existing injury (LabPaq, p. 202). Three primary modes of transmission are: direct, droplet and indirect. In direct transmission the disease is spread by close contact with another person via skin or bodily secretions. An example of direct transmission would be a contagion spread by an infected person kissing a non-infected person.
Entry of the pathogen can take place in one of three ways: penetration, inhalation, or ingestion. The level and severity of an infection may depend on the depth of
1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites The most common illnesses and infections that occur due to bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are Dioreah, Vomiting, Influenza, Nail infections, Tick bites, Colds, Skin Conditions, Digestive Problems ( Parasites - Worms ) and in some cases, Death. 1.3 Describe what is meant by “Infection” and “Colonisation” As defined by : www.freedictionary.com INFECTION Invasion by and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue, which may produce subsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellular or toxic mechanisms. This means that Infection is the process of infecting or being infected. COLONISATION A mass of microorganisms in a culture that originates from a single cell. This means that when either a Virus, Bacteria, Fungi or parasites in the single form, gather and join to make one mass of either Virus, Bacteria, Fungi or parasites.
In the stages of endometriosis you can experience different types of effects and stages. The stages are referred to as Stage I to Stage IV. The reproductive system can be compromised and cause infertility. Anatomically the disruption of pelvic structures, multiple production and activation of peritoneal macrophages cause the inflammation of the lower abdominal cavity. It may bring about an ectopic pregnancy since the fallopian tube may be infected and the egg may stick to one of the cyst.
Small pox is a disease caused by the variola virus, symptoms include fever, rash of skin that can leave permanent scars, and even death (CDC, 2016). Vaccinations are delivery methods include injection, oral,
Why this quality standard is needed Healthcare-associated infections can develop either as a direct result of healthcare intervention (such as medical or surgical treatment) or from being in contact with a healthcare setting[1]. Healthcare-associated infections arise across a wide range of clinical conditions and can affect people of all ages. They can exacerbate existing or underlying conditions, delay recovery and adversely affect quality of life. Healthcare-associated infections can occur in otherwise healthy people, especially if invasive procedures or devices are used. Healthcare workers, family members and carers are also at risk of acquiring infections when caring for people.
Crohn's and a related disease, ulcerative colitis, are the two main disease categories that belong to a larger group of illnesses called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's & Collitis Foundation of America, 2011). While the exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, the condition is linked to a problem with the body's immune system response. The inflammation caused by Crohn's disease often spreads deep into the layers of affected bowel tissue. Like ulcerative colitis, another common IBD, Crohn's disease can be both painful and debilitating, and sometimes may lead to life-threatening complications. While there is no known cure for Crohn's disease, therapies can greatly reduce the signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease and even bring about long-term remission.
In infants, complications that may occur are risks of developing heart failure, pulmonary artery hypertension, or infective endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of the heart. As for treatment, there are many different kinds. A transcatheter device closure is a procedure that uses a thin, hollow tube. Sometimes, a PDA may close on its own.
Older children and adolescent have a more developed omentum, which walls off the inflamed or perforated appendix, often causing a focal abscess. • significant abdominal pain, especially around the bellybutton or in the lower right part of the abdomen (perhaps coming and going and then becoming consistent and sharp) • low-grade fever • loss of appetite • nausea and vomiting • diarrhea (especially small amounts, with mucus) • swollen or bloated abdomen, especially in infants The symptoms of appendicitis can vary according to a child's age. In kids 2 years old or younger, the most common symptoms are vomiting and a bloated or swollen abdomen, accompanied by pain. Laboratory and diagnostic test: • Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan: performed to visualize the appendix for further evaluation • Laboratory testing: may reveal an elevated white blood cell count • C reactive protein: may be elevated If appendicitis goes untreated, the inflamed appendix can burst 24 to 72 hours after the symptoms begin. 2.
Q1 Explain what is meant by infection prevention and control. Infection prevention and control is the clinical application of microbiology in practice. Infection or disease may be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses or prions and can result in a wide variety of infections, for example, urinary tract, wound, respiratory, blood, bone and skin infections. Prevention and control stops harmful micro-organisms being transferred from person to person by direct contact, medical equipment or the general environment. Understanding how infections occur and how different micro-organisms act and spread is crucial to preventing infections.