He said that strong group feelings, increased self arousal and a sense of anonymity leads to reduced self awareness leading to Deindividuation. And finally, Prentice-Dunn and Rogers said that being in a large group makes people aggressive for two reasons, both linked to a loss of self identity. The two reasons are: Reduced public self awareness, the individual feels like they cant be identified. This allows the individual to act more aggressively as they feel they wont be caught. And Reduced private self awareness: the psychological arousal caused by the crowd and the strong feelings of group membership prevent the individuals from considering their own morals, ideas and making rational decisions.
It is useful for highlighting why, in the working class, those who cannot achieve in education, they then therefore suffer from status frustration and in this process turn to other people who also cannot achieve in this institution. Thus, explaining why deviance subcultures exist. This theory of status frustration is said to focus too much on utilitarian crime which is committed for material gain, but what it does not say much about is the explanation for why people commit non-utilitarian crimes like vandalism and assault. Cohen realised this and backed up this explanation by talking about alternative status hierarchy. When working class boys find that they cannot perform well in mainstream education, they look at the values of not only the education system, but the values in modern society and turn them upside down, by valuing the opposite.
The result was a group of intelligent individuals made a terrible mistake. The group norms were in favour of an invasion and thus any advisors which had doubts suppressed them. Janis argues that this phenomenon is called groupthink, where people have a different way of thinking when they are involved in a group in which their will to have unanimity removes any thought of an alternate course of action (Janis, 1982, p. 9). The symptoms of groupthink can be seen in Imago a company which has an external threat, a lost court case, a situation which Janis argues is an antecedent condition for groupthink to occur (Janis, Victims of Groupthink, 1972). Frank is overly optimistic after Imago loses the copyright court case.
Kozol addresses his readers so that they may spread awareness on illiteracy and eventually resolve the problem. Questions: 1. These explanations confuse the effects of illiteracy with the causes by saying that laziness is the cause of illiteracy, when in reality illiteracy is the cause of innovativeness, that an illiterate has to adopt, that is seen as laziness and stupidity. Kozol refutes these stereotypes with his examples of just how much illiteracy affects a person showing that they become almost immobilized and isolated by it. In his opinion the nation and it's leaders are at fault for not addressing this problem.
Suicide can be seen as one of the ultimate acts of deviance mainly due to nature where it harms ones self-preservation and can be very hard for one to understand why this act is committed due to various reasons which can be tied such as that of an emotional factor. There is a deep division between two perspectives; positivists – who wish to use natural science to study their theories when possible and interpretivists – who prefer to explore the way society is constructed through people’s interactions. Durkheim argues our behaviour is caused by social facts; social forces found in the structure of society. Steven Lukes (1992) aaargues social facts have three features; they’re external to individuals, they constrain individuals shaping their behaviour and they’re greater than individuals, they exist on a different level from the individual. Durkheim argues the suicide rate is a social fact.
Writer, Christine Rosen, in her article "The Myth of Multitasking" expounds on the effects of multitasking. Rosen's purpose is to convey the idea that multitasking and self-distractions are detrimental to a person's all around well-being and makes wisdom difficult to be gained when a person's attention is in multiple places. Multitasking is something that everyone utilizes, sometime some more often than others. Rosen used her article to justify her theory that multitasking is detrimental to one's self; she establishes her reasoning with examples of studies done by psychologists, neurologists, and other credible sources. Rosen begins her article by quoting Lord Chesterfield where he offered the following advice "There is time enough for everything in the course of the day, if you do but one thing at once, but there is not time enough in the year, if you will do two things at a time".
The origin of social disorganization theory can be traced to the work of Shaw and McKay, who concluded that disorganized areas marked by divergent values and transitional populations produce criminality. Strain theories view crime as resulting from the anger people experience over their inability to achieve legitimate social and economic success. These theories hold that most people share common values and beliefs but the ability to achieve them is differentiated throughout the social structure. The best known strain theory is Merton's, which describes what happens when people have inadequate means to satisfy their needs. Cultural deviance theories hold that a unique value system develops in lower class areas.
The nature of power may be explained as the possession of domineering influence. Such influence is brought upon by the exploitation of certain factors which as a result espouse fear or question in the minds of those being exposed to power. The beholder experiences, change in mind set, and values. Through the study of my chosen texts, the nature of power will be deconstructed to divulge the legitimacy in which the fickle nature of power results in the fact which, humanity rejects the pinnacles of our ethical values for other forms of power. It is the allusive factors between power and rationality which dramatically affects the stability of decisiveness.
“The general strain theory departs from traditional strain theories by emphasizing the role of individual’s affective responses to negative life experiences in fostering deviant behavior.” (Aseltine, Gore, & Gordon, 2000, p. 256). In simpler terms, the general strain theory is known for being separate from the traditional strain theories because it puts its emphasis on the role of a person’s reaction to negative experiences that have occurred in their life resulting in deviant actions. “Most recently, Agnew has argued that strain may result not only from the failure to achieve positively valued goals, but also from the inability to escape legally from painful situations. If one draws on the above theories as well as the stress, equity/justice, and aggression literatures one can begin to develop a more complete classification of the types of strain.” (Agnew,1992, p.50). Agnew went on to not only explain how the general strain theory addressed the criticisms that arose with the social strain theories, but as well proclaimed that there was three different types of strain-inducing stimulants.
Newton is to educate on the issue of discrimination in the work place and political affairs. Newton believes that discrimination is unjust and that all those affected by it can suffer greatly. She also believes that if there is too much awareness for discrimination and that it can lead to the issue of reverse discrimination. Reverse discrimination is when the awareness for discrimination becomes too high, then the group being discriminated against receive almost a form of special treatment where they start to get more rights than the initial discriminators who are now receiving the discrimination. This creates a form of irony and chaos, where the government and or the community are not sure what to do when it comes to how to treat those of different gender and race in the work place.