Flipping Burgers or Flipping Pages?

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Flipping burgers or flipping pages? 1. What is the research question? How does student employment during studies affect academic attainment? 2. The main points of the literature review Interest about impact of student employment on academic achievement has been growing in recent decades. Two main theoretical approaches are contrasting – one favors student employment, other does not. In addition, type of work and working hours are key factors when determining impact of employment. 3. What is the hypothesis? Employment has a negative impact on student academic attainment. 4. Identify the independent and dependent variables. Dependent v.: GPA, class attendance, independent study time. Independent v.: Age, gender, family status, working hours, others….. 5. Extraneous variables Ethnicity, family status 6. Most likely target population. Most likely accessible population. Most likely target population is 2nd to 4th year students, however most accessible are 1st to 3rd year students. 7. Method of sampling. Sample size. Mainly 2nd, 3rd to a lesser extent 4th year students from 13 private and public institutions were surveyed before or after lectures or seminars. Total number of respondents was 989. 8. What experimental design was used? Historical background of higher education in post-Soviet Latvia, overview of theory and previous studies, quantitative research, data analysis, conclusion, implementation. 9. Major threats to internal validity Gender (more females in sample) 10. Major threats to external validity Sampling only social science disciplines; conducting survey before or after lectures when working students (target population) might not be present. 11. What instruments were used? What measurement scales were used? Survey, data analysis. Percentage of to what extent different independent variables play role in whether

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