b. prove that revenues exceed expenses if there is a net income. c. provide information about the cash receipts and cash payments during a period. d. facilitate banking relationships. 5. If a company reports a net loss, it a. may still have a net increase in cash.
Everything being equal, the WACC of a firm increases as the beta and rate of return on equity increases, as an increase in WACC means a decrease in valuation and a higher risk. A firms WACC is a very important both to the stock market for stock valuation purposes and to the company's management for capital budgeting purposes. In an analysis of a potential investment by the company, investment projects that have an expected return that is greater than the company's WACC will generate additional free cash flow and create positive NPV for stockholders. Since the WACC is the minimum rate of return required, the managers in the company should invest in the projects that generate returns in excess of the WACC. WACC is set by the investors (or markets), not by managers.
Are share repurchases good or bad? The answer, as might be expected, is a bit gray. Assuming the company has a certain amount of cash they wish to return to shareholders, the two ways they can do it are through dividends and share repurchases. Share repurchases are typically more flexible for the company, while dividends are more flexible for the shareholder. The basic answer is that share repurchases are great when the share price is undervalued, and not-so-great when the share price is overvalued.
WHAT IS PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND? According to McConnell, Brue & Flynn the law of demand states that other things being equal consumers will buy more of a product when its price declines and less when its price increases. The responsiveness of consumers to a price change is measured by a products price elasticity of demand. In economics, the demand for a certain good or service is represented by the demand curve. The demand curve is plotted on a graph with price labeled on the y-axis and quantity labeled on the x-axis.
Question 3 Which price increase is needed to offset the profit impact of the increased raw material costs (assuming that volumes are constant)? Which price decrease will result from instituting price-flex (assume a best case and a worst case)? Answer 3 The selling price would increase by offsetting the raw material cost which is given in the “Appendix A” which shows that increase in the price by 6.5% would result in the positive side and a reductioncompany from reduction in the price. Understanding all this is done with respect to the case material. The volume is a constant which is assumed at 80% in the analysis of the price.
Usually a discount of 10 percent to 40 percent is applied to private companies due to the lack of liquidity of their shares. Precedents/acquisition comps: At what metrics (same as above) were similar companies acquired? Discounted cash flow (“DCF”): Based on the concept that value of the company equals the cash flows the company can produce in the future. An appropriate discount rate is used to calculate a net present value of projected cash flows. Leveraged Buyout (“LBO”): Assuming an IRR (usually 20 percent to 30 percent), what would a financial buyer be willing to pay?
Before we explore how a reduction in the interest rates leads to an increase in consumption we must first define what it exactly means to consume. Mainstream economists such as Tim Harford define consumption as the spending by house holds on consumer products and services. As the interest rate decreases it leads to consequential reactions on behalf of consumers, one of these actions is an increase in the level of goods consumed. This is a result of it being cheaper to borrow money from banks and other financial institutions, this meaning purchases which have been prolonged or “put off” by consumers can now be readily purchased. This is an effect of a lower opportunity cost as the overall cost associated with borrowing has decreased and the marginal benefit of saving has increased, meaning consumers will receive more of a benefit if they purchase goods on credit based agreements opposed to saving, leading to an increase in the amount of credit transactions.
The receivables turnover ratio is an activity ratio, measuring how efficiently a firm uses its assets. Formula: Asset Turnover What Does Asset Turnover Mean? The amount of sales generated for every dollar's worth of assets. It is calculated by dividing sales in dollars by assets in dollars. Formula: Also known as the Asset Turnover Ratio.
When prices have a large impact on the demand of a product it is said to be elastic in demand. For example, a fall in price would lead to an increase in demand and an increase in price would lead to a fall in demand. On the other hand if the same situation led to a less than proportionate change in quantity demanded, than it can be said that the product is inelastic in demand. If the proportionate change in quantity demanded is equal to the proportionate change in price, the demand is unit elastic. There are many ways to measure the price elasticity of demand however the easiest way to do it is by comparing the change in price to the total revenue earned by the producer, known as the total outlay method.
If a fund has 100 percent turnover rate that means the fund manager, in theory has sold every single stock position once. Portfolio turnover is an important component to assess the management style of a fund. Each trade (buy/sell) costs brokerage commissions, even though mutual funds pay lower commissions than individual investors, it was observed that brokerage costs can account for 0.5% to 2% assets managed; smaller funds with high rates of portfolio turnover have higher costs. For tax purposes, brokerage commissions are considered as “capital costs” as they are considered part of the cost of the securities purchased and hence are not part of the Management Expenses Ratio. Trading expenses, which include brokerage