75uS is the time constant used for a high-pass filter to enhance the high frequency audio before transmission to help reduce noise upon reception. The PLL is the portion of the IC which locks your chosen transmission frequency to the crystal reference X1. The PLL portion also contains an oscillator circuit which works in conjunction with the external parts of D5 and the STUB (that weird trace on the back of the board). D5 is called a varactor diode, and is a special variety of diode that is connected backwards. As a reverse DC voltage is applied across the diode, its capacitance varies.
This light is lost in the cladding of the receiving optical fiber. Core diameter mismatch loss is typically only a concern with multimode optical fiber. To avoid core diameter mismatch make sure to check the cores of your fiber and make sure they are the same size to the best you can. Intrinsic factors that can affect connection performance in fiber-optics come in many types. A numerical aperture (NA) mismatch occurs when the NA of one optical fiber is different from the NA of the other optical fiber.
Lab Partner: Jason Wallace 02/17/09 LAB ABSTRACT: In this experiment unknown substances were identified by performing different flame tests on known substances. The substances identity was obtained by placing salt solutions of a metallic ion and observing the color of the emitted photon light. INTRODUCTION: By placing atoms of a substance into a flame it can absorb energy and jump into an excited state; called a quantum jump. After absorbing energy and leaping into an excited state, the atoms return back to their original ground state by emitting a photon of light. According to the law of conservation of energy the same amount of energy used to make the quantum jump is released when the photon light is emitted.
Strong electrolytes produce large numbers of ions, which results in high conductivity values. Weak electrolytes result in low conductivity, and non-electrolytes should result in no conductivity. In this experiment, you will observe several factors that determine whether or not a solution conducts, and if so, the relative magnitude of the conductivity. Thus, this simple experiment allows you to learn a great deal about different compounds and their resulting solutions. In each part of the experiment, you will be observing a different property of electrolytes.
If you pass a metal conductor through a magnetic field an electrical field is generated in that conductor. When you place two cables next to one another EMI will cause cross-talk which is where signals from one cable is picked up on the other cable. Because fiber does not conduct electricity and uses only light signals in a glass fiber instead of electrical signals through a metallic conductor, to transmit data. Since it does not use any metallic media it is immune to EMI. Higher Possible Data Rates (Oliviero 250) are possible because light is immune to interference and can be modulated at very high frequencies.
Planck's constant: the constant relating the change in energy for a system to the frequency of the electromagnatic radiation absorbed or emitted, equal to 6.626 X 10^-34 J 5. Quantization: the concept that energy can occur only in discrete units called quanta 6. Photon: a quantum of electromagnetic radiation 7. Photoelectric effect: ejection of electrons from a substance by incident electromagnetic radiation, especially by visible light 8. E=mc^2: Einstein's equation proposing that energy has mass; E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light 9.
As Model Science (2011) explains, the experiment will show that as the salt with the metal is “burned, the electrons will be excited (i.e., move to another energy level) and as these electrons fall back from one energy level to another, they will emit photons of light. These photons will have different colors depending on the element and its discrete energy levels”. In other words, “different wavelengths of light (colors) will be emitted when the electrons of different elements go down the step(s) between their energy level(s). In addition, each element will have its own set of energy levels and therefore each will have its own color or set of colors (Model Science, 2011)”. As an example, Model Science (2011) provided “sodium burns orange, potassium -purple/blue, barium - green, and lithium – red”.
Bonding Formal Lab Introduction (with Background information): Any substance, whether it is a metal or nonmetal, people can determine it by seeing if it is shiny, soft, or reactive. Metals are shiny, reactive, and have high melting points, while nonmetals are soft, have low melting points and not very reactive, and that is how anyone can determine whether a substance is a metal or a nonmetal. Covalent bonding is when two atoms share electrons, but it only occurs in two nonmetals only. They have low melting points and they are not soluble. Although, Ionic bonding is when an atom gives away elections to another atom, which only happens in a metal and a nonmetal, and they have high melting points and are soluble.
On each of these wafers the quantum dots are in between the substrate. On the last page it is shown, where the Indium quantum dots lie. In Kevin's assessment each quantum dot can "hold electrons. This control of the electrons causes them to emit light. If the quantum dots are placed in the cavity, the spot on the wafers where there are no crystals, in the middle, and capture electrons then the aims of the process are a success.
Bonding Fill in the missing words, the first letter of the blank words are an anagram of a key bonding word. What is the mystery word??? Why do Chemical bonds form? Bonds between atoms involve their outer electrons. When atoms bond together they share or transfer electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement, often a full outer main level of electrons, like the noble gases.