Fiber Characteristics Essay

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FIBER CHARACTERISTICS Fiber Structure Fiber Performance Properties Identification Of Textile Fibers Fiber Sources • Natural Fibers • Plant (flax, hemp, jute, ramie, sisal, abaca, cotton, kapok.) • Animal or Protein ( wool, silk, cashmere, mohair, vicuna) • Manufactured Fibers • Chemical solutions • spinnerette Techniques used to create mfd. Fibers • • • • • Wet Spinning Method Solution through spinnerette Passes through liquid solution Fiber solution hardens E.g. Acrylic, Viscose Rayon Techniques used to create mfd. fibers • Melt Spinning Method • Solid material melted to form liquid solution • Spinnerette • Cool air • E.g. glass, nylon, polyester and olefin Techniques used to create mfd. fibers • • • • • • • Dry Spinning Method Fiber solution + solvent Spinnerette Exposed to warm air Solvent evaporates Liquid hardens E.g.Acetate and Modacrylic Fiber Structure Physical Attributes Fiber Length Staple Fibers: measured in inches (short) Filament Fibers: measured in feet or yards(Long) Silk only natural fiber in filament form =about 1600 yards long. All other natural fibers from ½ inch to 36 inches. All mfd fibers are filament. Can be made staple. Tow: thousands of filament fibers grouped together and cut, then twisted to form yarns. Fiber Shape:Fibers cross sectional shape affects the way light is reflected from the surface. Fiber shape • Flat surface reflects more light • Round fiber reflects more light in one direction. • Multilobal surface scatters light causing certain areas to sparkle. • Scattered light masks soiling • Round fibers(wool) =bulkier fabrics. Fiber Surface • • • • • Smooth Rough Grooved Wrinkled Affects Hand, Luster&Wicking. Fiber Longitudinal Configuration • • • • • Straight Twisted Coiled Crimped Performance properties affected: resiliency, elasticity, abrasion resistance. Fiber Diameter •

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