Congestion Charge 1. a) The first city in Britain that was introduced to congestion charge was Durham. b) Many cities in the UK have considered congestion charge in their cities. Examples like Londoners, which were charged 5 pounds to enter central London, but this has now risen to 10 pounds. Which is double the price! People in Edinburgh voted to reject the charging scheme in February 2005. c) Urban areas and City centres are becoming to densely populate which is causing major problems on
David Tennant and Catherine Tate are interviewed by Scott Mills (with Mark Chapman) on the Chris Moyles Show (from 2.56 on clip) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8gdJzVuuoY Scott: er right so the new series kicks off on er Saturday at 6.20 # it’s very exciting David: (at the same time) it does . BBC Scott: can I ask you Catherine? Catherine: (at the same time) yeah Scott: [plays sound effect from dalek toy] David: [as sound effect is playing] oh yeah … yeah . yeah there you go
pause: sounds filling the pause such as umm and err Micropause: A really small pause to draw breath Non-fluency feature: normal characteristics of spoken language that interrupt the ‘flow’ of talk. Some examples: hesitations, false starts, fillers, repetitions [though can be used for emphasis], overlaps and interruptions. Paralinguistic feature: hand gestures, body language Prosodic feature: the vocal aspects of speech (pitch, stress, speed, volume) that contribute to meaning Pause: Turn-taking:
Explore how the three participants adopt their spoken language in the radio broadcast, analysing and evaluating attitudes to language varieties and the key issues that arise from these attitudes. The three participants; Joan Rivers, Darcus Howe and Libby Purves, in this specific radio broadcast that I will be analysing and evaluating show very interesting attitudes throughout and each of them can be interpreted in many ways. Darcus and Joan tend to use very informal language whilst conversing
The purpose of this paper is to explore the following question: Is there a difference between spoken and written English? The paper illustrates some of the most characteristic features of spoken and written language. For the past few decades, there has been a considerable body of research in various fields, such as linguistics, dealing with the relationship between spoken and written English. The history of writing in the English-speaking world reveals a balancing act between competing recording
learners understand and use headers and tails in spoken discourse Introduction The reason for teaching headers and tails, which refer to the position of clause elements in spoken discourse, is twofold. They are widely used in conversation with distinct functions but are often not dealt with in conventional course books or traditional grammars. Based on extensive research into the CANCODE spoken corpus, they are among the ten criteria for a spoken grammar identified by McCarthy, M. and Carter, R
contemporary, is extremely creative, using its own range of effective brevity features… Data sets one and two demonstrate a series of such brevity features. Within data source one we find the use of number homophones in the word ‘b4’, although this technique could be considered as lazy, I would argue that is takes thought to make such changes to words. Similarly in data source one, is the use of another brevity feature, a re-spelling. The word ‘wot’ (although changed to save time typing), could also
Eiko Ushida The Role of Studentsʼ Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning in Online Language Courses University of California, San Diego 49 EIKO USHIDA ABSTRACT This study investigated the role of studentsʼ motivation and attitudes in second language (L2) study within an online language course context (LOL). Studentsʼ attitudes and motivation were examined within a socioeducational framework (Gardner & MacIntyre, 1993) while learning contexts were examined based on Dörneyiʼs
LANGUAGE WRITTEN AND SPOKEN, WHICH ONE IS MORE IMPORTANT? INTRODUCTION As we already know for humans since childhood becomes easily to learn spoken language before written language. However, after learn how to speak, written language becomes more stable than spoken language, it is because human rely on their eyes more than ears. Since spoken language and it written form represent the same meaning, it is necessary to find out which is determinate and which is secondary. In this report will be
and style of speaking to instruct how to cook meals and entertain their viewers using their individual personality. Their spoken language reflects upon their image, audience, purpose and social attitudes. Jamie Oliver successfully uses many language techniques to help him communicate with his audience. He has a very relaxed and informal approach with his audience that features the use of colloquial language, in his opening he greets the audience by saying ‘hi guys’. The use of this technique makes