Businesses also suffer when massive layoffs occur. When spending by households decreases, incomes decrease for the businesses. Governments are not immune from the effects of massive layoffs of employees either. When households spend less, and businesses are selling less, there is less sales tax to be collected by the government. Also, when employees are laid off there is less income tax to be collected and to make things even worse, former employees can collect unemployment benefits from the government.
One aspect of the workers’ lives that needs to be considered in order to see whether the Communist leaders did less than the Tsars to improve them is their living standards. The quality of life generally declined for workers throughout the period, with the only period of significant change under Khrushchev, however even his reforms cannot out way the deterioration of standards earlier in the Communist period, whereby Lenin and Stalin seemed to show a complete disregard for the improvement of living standards; For instance, the amount of living space for a worker fell from 8.5m squared in 1905, to 5.8m squared by 1935. A significant motive for this seems to be due to ideology; Stalin in
Arguably women achieved the vote as the social position of women was improving which helped erode male prejudices against them. The Married Women’s Property Act of 1882 and 1893 granted women full legal control of all property they had owned at marriage or that they had gained after marriage, by earnings or inheritance. Changing attitudes was therefore an important factor in winning women the vote in 1918 The militant suffragettes
Between 1945-1968 the occupational structure is different from that in 1968-2012. People don’t get ahead in their class structures so easily. This connects with the Utchille chapter on the Steady Job decrease, Zweig shows now it’s a decrease in downward mobility. All you have to do is work hard to come up (American Dream) is the myth behind upward mobility. However it doesn’t guarantee a jump in the upper social class.
Individuals are losing jobs and the government have to spend more money of benefits. They collected back less from taxes and VAT. Businesses are cutting back on productions but for some customers is good if they have money because the prices are falling as well as inflation. At the boom stage the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) are the values of
Chapter 39: The Stalemated Seventies A. Describe the economic situation going into the 1970s- The baby boom generation would be making less money than their parents but as the economic growth crested, the American spirit gave an unaccustomed sense of limits. I. Sources of Stagnation A. List a few reasons economists speculate could be the cause of the slump in productivity increasing presence in the work force of women and teens (had lower skills, less likely to take full time jobs),declining investment in new machinery, general shift of American economy from manufacturing to services B.
As nuclear families replace extended families in industrial societies, older people no longer reside with their adult children. The role of the elderly in retaining and disseminating information has diminished in industrial societies. The elderly have lost much of their economic power. Sociologist Donald O. Cowgill has hypothesized that: a. The status and role of the elderly in the future will increase because the birthrate has dropped to an all-time low.
There is less opportunity of jobs than before. If immigrants become citizens it would mean more people looking for jobs. Despite the improving economy, we still have millions of citizens out of work. Whether it's lack of skills or lack of opportunities, many of those citizens will be forced to take the low-paying unskilled jobs. If you pump in millions of new workers seeking jobs, it decreases the amount of work available.
[1] After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, many Japanese stayed in America, and remained good citizen, but it was very hard to get jobs due to racial discrimination. The bombing led Americans to believe the Japanese-Americans would be working
It means that there were jobs that were classified as superior jobs that paid more and high skill levels, and then there were the jobs that were the “blue collar” jobs with the lower level skills. Many who had the higher skills to work a primary job were placed in secondary jobs due to their race. The internment camps were the worst that had happen to Japanese Americans. They were taken from their daily lives and forced into a camp, where they had to live their lives. It was all because the United States and its people were afraid of a homeland internal attack.