Outline and evaluate research into the effects of age and anxiety on E.W.T Eye witness testimony (E.W.T) is one type of memory that has particular relevance to real life. Juries and British police officers rely on eye witness testimony on a daily basis. E.W.T is criticised enough due to the effects of misleading questions (Loftus 1992.) However also there is a lot of research to suggest that E.W.T isn’t as reliable as previously thought, especially when other factors such as anxiety and age are applied. There’s evidence to prove that anxiety and stress has a conflicting effect on a witnesses recall.
Admission Ticket 4 Twelve Angry Men From the movie, it was seen that the power of the testimonies given by the eyewitnesses was huge to the juries and it was suggested that a ‘vivid eyewitness account is difficult to erase from juror’s minds ( Leippe,1985) and hence more likely to result in a conviction (Visher,1987). Therefore the jurors should take the misinformation effect into account. For example, a witness heard the boy shouted “I’m going to kill ya” few hours before the father was killed, may lead the witness assumed the boy was the murderer. And also the woman who claimed to see the murder while juror #8 tried to query her reliability of not wearing any visual aids at that time. Although juror #8 was the only one who voted “not guilty” in the open ballot of the earlier scene, he was as Myers (2010) explained that a minority was most persuasive when their arguments were “consistent, persistent and self-confident”.
The publicity of the case and the one-sided role of the media caused a majority of people, internationally, to be biased and influenced. This impact then led to numerous problems and difficulties in being treated fairly, such as finding an impartial jury. This factor of having preconceived idea meant that the jury had already decided Lindy Chamberlain’s fate, opposing the justice being “served,” legitimately. Wiping away any chance for Lindy Chamberlain to prove her innocence creates an inevitable outcome. The Chamberlains being judged under a heavily biased jury influenced by the media, therefore shows the maltreatment of the case by the justice system and the society.
The Nisei was one of the generations that experienced Internment camps more. On the other hand the public had different opinions. They thought that everything the government was right in everything like for example he told them that they were spys the public would believe them. Fear was another important thing that the civilians and public felt because they were scared of being invaded and another secret attack. People didn’t know what to expect or what to
Simpson case is vital to the study of criminal justice and prosecution being that the restrictions that were obvious in the testimonies of the witnesses and evidence. As a consequence incorrect verdicts were made regarding the case for the reasons that there was evidence that could not be used like the blood samples and the detectives that gave testimonies that were ambiguous. Furthermore, before any case is taken to trial the state and the defense need to be absolutely certain that they have sufficient evidence in order to maintain their case, especially since a case can be dismissed based on the prima facie evidence provided. Studying this case has certainly changed my perspective because it was obvious that more was needed to be accomplished previous to closing remarks were
Mind Over Matter Checkpoint McNaughten rule states that it must be clearly proven that at the time of committing the crime the accused, did not know that what they were doing was wrong because of some from defect of reason , from disease of the mind. The difference between between mental illness and insanity is the degree of mental instability the person suffers from. I mentally ill person would have severe depression, anxiety. Signs would be present and sometimes easy to spot, but these people know what is going on and know have a grip on reality. An insane person would not know the difference between reality and fantasy.
False testimony, exaggerated statistics and laboratory fraud have led to wrongful conviction in several states. Since forensic evidence is offered by "experts," jurors routinely give it much more weight than other evidence. But when misconduct occurs, the weight is misplaced. In some instances, labs or their personnel have allied themselves with police and prosecutors, rather than prioritizing the search for truth. Other times, criminalists lacking the requisite knowledge have embellished findings and eluded detection because judges and juries lacked background in the relevant sciences, themselves.
Anxiety is a state of apprehension, worry or fear. Anxiety causes intense stress at the time of the incident.This means that the eyewitness may have difficulty encoding the information during the acquisition stage of the memory process, The results of research into the effect of anxiety on eyewitness testimony have been highly mixed. It is believed that eye witness testimony is most accurate when the anxiety level is somewhere in between low and high. There is Research showing that anxiety has a positive effect on eye witness testimony such as Yuille and Cutshall they interviewed people who had witnessed a real life shooting and found that recall was very accurate despite high levels of anxiety. However, the people who were subjected to the highest levels of anxiety were nearest to the incident so would have been able to see more clearly what happened.
She has also showed people who are and were mentally disturbed by the drug itself. At one point it is helpful to spread the awareness of methadone and how it can cause a major and drastic change in your life. However, in my point of view, even though the video does help spread awareness in one way, the way how the people who are getting interviewed disturbs me. The people are fully exposed to the camera to the public, which is not respecting their own private lives. It is clearly difficult when people try to pry open your life and you have to share it publicly which does cause disturbance.
In moderate to severe traumatic brain injury there could be permanent memory loss, trouble with speech and loss of coordination among other visible and invisible symptoms. Since the individual did not have these issues prior to the injury they will most likely have a negative effect at first. Due to the loss of abilities, they may experience mood changes, anger, depression or anxiousness. These internal psychological challenges may also be compounded by the social anxiety they may feel. Unfortunately, the general society is unforgiving toward those with special needs or differences.