An ionic bond is the transfer of valence electrons between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that creates two oppositely charged ions. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, the non-metal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion. Ionic bonds require an electron donor, metal, and an electron acceptor, nonmetal. By losing those electrons, these metals can achieve noble-gas configuration and satisfy the octet rule.
Results: Zinc Metal - Iodine - Iodide + Triodide + Zinc Ion + Focus Questions: 1. Is there a way to put energy into Zinc Iodide in order to regain the elements, zinc and iodine? If there is a way, how does it happen? Yes, this can be done through electrolysis using a battery and exposed wire tips. Take sample of Zinc Iodide and dissolve in solution.
Experimental Design: - Independent Variable: different types of metals: magnesium, zinc and Copper - Dependent Variable: amount of reactants observed for each metal - Control : The Air -Constants: The amount of chemical solutions, the time the metals were in the chemical solutions and size of each metal during the experiment 4. The Dependent variable, the number of reactions the metal will receive and will be measured based on their reactivity. The higher the reactant, the more reactions and the less reactive the less amount of reactions The Independent variable, the different metals that are tested by observing for chemical change. Once the metals which are magnesium, copper and zinc are put into the 3 different solutions along with the control which is water and air, we will be able to determine if they do
The bromine is acting first like an electrophile, and then after bromine has broken the π bond, a carbocation has formed, and a bromide ion has been created, the bromide ion then acts as the nucleophile and forms a bond with the carbocation. This experiment uses bromination, the specific name of halogenation with bromine. In order to for bromination to occur bromine must first be generated. This is done in situ through the oxidation of glacid acetic acid and puridinum bromide perbromide. Once generation is accomplished the available bromine can be brominated.
Copper Cycle Lab Purpose: In this experiment the student will gain familiarity with basic lab procedures, some chemistry of a typical transition element, and the concept of percent yield. Equipment: Balance (2) 250 mL beakers Evaporating dish Stirring rod Hotplate 100 mL grad cylinder Weighing paper Materials: 0.5 g of copper wire 2.0 M H2SO4 (aq) Acetone Conc. HNO3 (aq) 3.0 M NaOH Granular zinc Introduction: Understanding the type of reaction taking place is an important part of predicting the products of a reaction. Common chemical reactions can be described as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion, or oxidation and reduction reactions. Each of these types of reactions behaves in a similar fashion.
high melting point, hard, brittle, slightly soluble in water, conductor of electricity when melted or in solution Molecular solid - crystalline solid that has molecules arranged in a particular configuration. low melting point, generally insoluble in water, nonconductor of electricity. Metallic solid - crystalline solid that has atoms of metals arranged in a definite pattern. low to high melting point, malleable, ductile, conductor of electricity, insoluble in most solvents. Lesson 13.6 Changes of physical state: * necessary to draw a temperature-energy graph to see the change in temperature with a constant application of heat Heat of fusion - the amount of heat required to melt 1.00 g of substance.
The arrangement of particles in an atom Protons and neutrons make up the main, dense, central nucleus in the centre of the atom. This is surrounded by electrons “orbiting” the main nucleus. The electron are in shells depending on their energy levels, as the most energetic are on the outer shells, because they need more energy to travel around a bigger “orbit” of the nucleus. These shells are full when a certain amount of atoms are in the shell; 2 in the first shell, 8 in the next shell, 8 in the third shell and so on. When the shells are full, the atom is unreactive.
Introduction Nucelophilic substitutions are chemical reactions in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the electron poor electrophile1. There are two classes of nucelophilic reactions – SN1, and SN2. The SN1 reaction is a 2 step, uni-molecular reaction, which is independent of the nucleophile. It requires a highly substituted electrophile since there is a formation of a carbocation in its rate determining step, good polar protic solvents which stabilize the carbocation and a good leaving group1. On the other hand, a SN2 reaction is a concerted, bimolecular reaction which has one slow, transition state1.
The reaction proceeds in a way that the lowest HOMO-LUMO energy gap of the diene and dieneophile will be used to proceed in the reaction. Thus, resulting in the regioselectivity that the diene and dienophile will react in a way that follows the frontier orbital theory that the “large-large” and the
Nuclear fussion: Nuclear fusion is the process in which two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus. The total masses of the products are less than the combined mass of the two light nuclei. The energy equivalent of the loss of mass is released. The release of energy during nuclear fusion can also be calculated from the values of the