In the short-run, a larger government deficit would cause an increase to “total planned expenditures and higher aggregate demand “(Miller, 2012, pg. 308). The real GDP equilibrium would rise above the full-employment level because of deficit spending. The price level would also increase. In the long-run, the economy “adjusted to changes in all factors” and the “equilibrium real GDP remains at its full-employment level” even though the increase in the budget deficit causes a rise in the aggregate demand.
When the demand for U.S. dollars increases, the value of the dollar will increase or appreciate (Stone 2008, pp. 685). As a result, U.S. products become more expensive for foriegners causing a reduction in exports and increasing imports. This not only effects the U.S. economy, but also affects the economies in other countries. Monetary policies influence and are influenced by international developments, including exchange rates, and based on these market conditions the U.S. government can make strategic changes to these policies to maintain the country’s economic stability (full employment, stable growth and price stability).
If the interest rate is low, it will cause more funds to be available, greater expansion and increased employment. If the interest rate is high, it will cause fewer funds to be available, less expansion, and decreased employment. Fiscal policy is an important tool for managing the economy because of its ability to affect the total amount of output produced or the gross domestic product. The first impact of a fiscal expansion is to raise the demand for goods and services. This greater demand leads to increases in both output and prices.
Fiscal Policy captures the changes in taxes and government spending. In the United States, the president, and Congress make these decisions. Because of its ability to affect the total amount of output produced (GDP), Fiscal policy is an important tool for managing the economy. Its ability to affect the total amount of output produced raising the demand for goods and services is the first impact of a fiscal expansion and this increased demand leads to increases in output and prices. The level to which higher demand increases output and prices depends on the state of the business cycle.
Decreasing the interest rate effectively increases consumer and businesses consumption. Lower interest rates also increase investments and net exports (Hubbard, 868). These increases push true GDP back in line with potential GDP and, as a result, production increases. This increase in production also increases the need for workers, ultimately increasing employment. Conclusion The Federal Reserve is a very powerful entity and has a large amount of influence on how our nation’s economy performs.
The monetary policy to economic is to increase the amount of money, by cutting interest rates. Both fiscal policy and monetary policy each serves a purpose. Fiscal policy succeeds
The major task is to manage the money supply according to the needs of the economy. This involves making an amount of money available that is consistent with high and rising levels of output, employment and relatively constant price levels. Money supply has a direct relation with inflation, as money supply is increased the inflation rate goes up. When more money is in the market, the value of the money will remain the same but the goods and services in the market will increase. As situations happen around the world the internal economy is being affected, the price of oil increases and more money in the market should be created, but this will affect the inflation, as more money is in the market, the GDP keep growing and the unemployment is decreasing.
This is because as price falls consumers can afford more goods as their real incomes increase and they feel richer. Real income is the bundle of goods and services that an individual can purchase. As we move from A1 to A2 utility increases from U1 to U2 because we move to a higher indifference curve so now the individual can now consume a better bundle of goods. This backs up the non satiation assumption of consumption which states more is better thus when we increase consumption total utility increase. The four axioms of consumption: Transitivity, Non-satiation, Marginal rate of substitution in consumption and Completeness must be met in order to be able to draw
The diagram above shows that real GDP has increased from Y1 to Y2 which means that economic growth has increased. As a result, unemployment falls as we are getting closer to the inelastic part of the AS curve, which is much needed as “unemployment has shot up” in this economic crisis. However, inflation has risen from P1 to P2 which means that our exports become less competitive so our trade deficit gets worse. However, the rise in inflation is needed as inflation is falling below the 2% target. The changes in the government’s macroeconomic objectives depends on where we are on the AS curve as shown below.
Businesses often pay individuals a wage based on current market standards. Free-market economies usually dictate specific wages for various jobs. Governments attempting to subvert market prices can reduce the demand for new workers due to a high minimum wage. Individuals can face a few negative effects from minimum wage laws. Minimum wage increases an individual annual salary, bumping the employee into a higher marginal tax bracket.