The Quakers, who settled Pennsylvania, believed that the criminal codes were both inhumane and inefficient in that judges often did not follow the criminal codes because they did not want to inflict more severe punishments on relatively minor offenders. Under the leadership of Penn, the Quakers replaced the current criminal code with a new one. The new criminal code included the abolition of capital punishment for all crimes other than homicide, the substitution of imprisonment at hard labor for bloody corporal punishments, the provisions of free food and lodging to inmates, and the replacement of the stocks and pillory with houses of detention. When Penn died in 1718 the Quaker code was repealed. Dr. Benjamin Rush, the leader of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of the Public Prisons, revived the Quaker code in the late 1700s.
Trade in iron, cotton and coal was growing, and so the British didn’t have to use slaves to work the sugar plantations anymore. But these are only the reasons on why the people weren’t so keen on the trade, not the reasons for why the trade was abolished. The reasons on why the slave trade was abolished are now going to be explained in more depth, and I will also decide which reason had the most impact and why. One of the reasons was the slaves themselves. Because they were forced to work and always punished badly for the slightest mistake, they were extremely unhappy and most hated they’re owners.
Trading and marketing flourished, while small enterprises became large ones. Overall, things were getting bigger and better, and since they were improving, there came a population boom that lasted into the 1600s. Then, disasters struck. Famines, droughts, epidemics, and other disasters led to a period of a dramatic decline (‘black economy’) in population and commerce and industry. At the same time, their government was expanding rapidly, leading to more drain on the economy and expansions people couldn’t pay.
The government can be seen to be doing this through the vast amount of Council house’s that were built. This new approach was revolutionary compared to the previous Conservative government with Classical Economics where if Unemployment was low the government would not intervene; for the first time action was being down to prevent Unemployment. There were problems however, inflation had started to rise and by nationalising the Coal industry, mining became inefficient as there were now too many people working after the government overmanning of the mines.
Looking back we can see that this was due to a lot of different pressures. Some were long-term, such as political advantage and urbanisation which did not immediately cause political change but eventually led to many changes. Some were some short-term, such as pressure groups, foreign influences and the support of new ideas, but they each led to an increase to the franchise. The social and economic changes that took place helped increase the franchise a lot. Britain's population was growing throughout the 19th century.
Although if people with such power are unable to maintain control, their society usually collapses and resolves in chaos. As for Rome, emperors were often selected by violence or by birth, so the head of government was not always capable and eventually it came to the point where it was too large to govern effectively. This caused people to retreat to rural areas, Civil wars between political groups, there were corruption in the military, prices increased, trade decreased. The empire was quickly reducing allowing the Huns, Visigoths, Franks, Vandals, Saxons and other barbarian tribes to take control over the empire. Social factors involve people’s beliefs and the way they set up their behaviours.
There is also evidenced failure in the government’s efforts in enforcing safety standards. This is one example indicating the constraints of the law in its timely and effective response to serious safety hazards in the workplace for the less fortunate in society (Reiman, 1979). Although these issues are evidenced in every life, they are rarely responded since attaining the results through the set out legal system requires professionalism, skills, resources and influencing in the effort of identifying a loop-hole in the system and in the process oppress the poor even more. Since poor people cannot access any of the above, they often get to suffer for crimes they did not commit. The article further alludes to racial prejudices in the judiciary system citing
Also, the increased level of production within Germany meant that the industry would grow, and the social welfare constitution proved that the public would have backing from the government with pensions and benefits. However, there were factors which disagreed with the statement as there was a grand coalition within this period that could not co-operate together. Also, Germany being dependent on foreign loans meant that their economic development was not increasing. As well as this, there were still differences within the public in Germany decreasing the social progress in the mid 1920’s. Although, to a certain extent the statement is true as Germany did show that they experienced a period of political calm, economic development and social progress in the mid 1920’s.
Due to the new economic policies made after the revolution in 1905, Russia’s economic developments went through a drastic change. There was an increase in the foreign trade, which was used to fuel their industrial production, and growth while their infrastructure expanded. Several successes were brought to the Russian empire with these changes. Russia’s industrial production doubled and they became the 4th largest producer of oil and steel. Despite the positive changes that occurred, the quality and maintenance of the new infrastructures were very poor, furthermore most weren’t even completed.
Louis XVI's government was very ineffective and inefficient. The estates system contributed to the paucity of his administration as many bureaucratic positions were filled my members of the aristocracy who were ineffective administrators. The upshot of this was firstly high taxation, as nobles etc. all took a cut of tax, and secondly resentment, as the path up the social structure was blocked by nepotism and favouritism. This decentralisation of government through the aristocracy was also inefficient and chaotic.