Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment TaWonnia Jackson PSY250 September 6, 2012 Loretta Harris Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment The following statements discussed will analyze the components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality. The theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler are compared and contrasted by research found. There will be characteristics of two theories along with descriptions of the stages to Freud’s theory, and characteristics along with Freudian's defense mechanisms. Each theorist’s had their own unique way of developing their very own theory. Sigmund Freud's theory is the psychoanalytic theory unique to a certain point and which it has developed formal models describing the ways in which individuals process information on different levels (Bornstein, 2010).
Psychodynamic and Behaviourism Perspectives of Psychology. Beverley Kilner Page 1 This essay is going to summarise two theoretical perspectives of psychology. It will look at Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic approach and explore the different stages of development through childhood and the roles of id, the ego and the superego and Freud’s belief that the libido is the driving force behind behaviour. In contrast to this it will examine the behaviourist approach to psychology and will look at two theorists, Ivan Pavlov and John Watson and will focus upon their experiments to prove that humans and animals alike can be conditioned to act in specific ways. Sigmund Freud asserted at his seventieth birthday celebrations “The poets and philosophers before me discovered the unconscious.
(http://importanceofphilosophy.com/Metaphysics_Identity.html) The work of early psychologists towards the end of the first half of the 20th century was largely based on this Aristotelian perspective (Erickson, 1950) and invoked questions such as; does an individual possess more than one identity? And is identity personal or social? (Phoenix, 2007) This paper will summarise two major approaches to identity, namely, the psychosocial theory of identity and Social Identity Theory, respectively. Then it will examine how each has been used to further our understanding of this concept. Finally, it concludes that while both theories have aided our understanding of identity as a psychological concept, neither theory provides a comprehensive account.
What follows is an outline of Freud’s theory of psychodynamics, and a description of the biological perspective on personality. Next appears an investigation of the similarities and differences between these theories and their implications. These two
As a result there are a variety of theories of personality which try to describe the cause and effect of the human personality. This essay will briefly compare and contrast two of these theories which include the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories of personality. It is important to have an in-depth understanding of the various types of theories with respect to personality because such a discourse enables psychologists to discover more about social behaviours in daily life (Fiske et al, 2010; 365). Both theoretical viewpoints, while being substantially different from each other, do share some common comparisons as we shall examine below. Psychoanalytical theories of personality stress the individual’s unconscious motivations which can be identified through dreams, slips of the tongue and fantasies (McCrae & Costa, 2003; 21).
By comparing and contrasting two of these approaches the behaviourist and the biological approach it will highlight the different aspects to each approach. Psychology evolved through three subjects’ philosophy, biology and physics. It developed through stages and views, firstly with Psychoanalysis, behaviourism, cognitive, humanistic and lastly biological. Main body Behaviourists believed that we are shaped by the way our behaviours are rewarded. Behaviourists want results, by which they can check measure and observe on the stimulus and the reacted response.
Describe and Evaluate the Psychoanalytical / Psychodynamic Approach to Personality Development Psychoanalytic theory originated with the work of Sigmund Freud (Gross 2010). Through his clinical work with patients suffering from mental illness, Freud came to believe that childhood experiences and unconscious desires influenced behaviour. Based on his observations, Freud developed a theory that described development in terms of a series of psychosexual stages. According to Freud (1949), conflicts that occur during each of these stages can have a lifelong influence on personality and therefore behaviour (Hayes 2000). Within this essay I am going to delve further into these principles and evaluate their validity and reliability as an approach to personality development.
The psychodynamic approach evolved from psychoanalysis, founded by Sigmund Freud, who considered that people’s behaviours are influenced by their motives or dynamics. Psychodynamics has three distinctive features or assumptions. That the difficulty a client is having has an origin in their childhood. Secondly, the client is not consciously aware of these affecting their motives and impulses, and lastly that it uses the interpretation of the transference relationship between client and councillor (McLeod, p.91). This essay will now consider these features in more depth.
This essay will use two of these theories to offer a psychological interpretation of a fictional character and by doing so evaluate the merit of the hypotheses. Firstly the Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality put forward by Sigmund Freud, followed by the Trait Theory of Personality by Gordon Allport. Although both of the theories have developed since Freud and Allport, this essay will focus on the original theories as seen by their creators. The fictional character in use will be Dmitri Fyodorovich Karamazov, henceforth referred to as Mitya, from Fyodor Dostoyevsky's “The Brothers Karamazov”. Freud himself called this book “the most magnificent novel ever written”(Freud, 1927).
The intent of this essay is to compare and contrast the psychological approaches known as Behaviourism and Psychoanalysis, in doing so, it will take out the fundamental points of these two approaches, reinforcing the differences and explaining them in detail. The first approach this essay will look in to is Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud who is an Austrian psychologist, was the most famous psychologist connected to this approach, and he first proposed his psychodynamic approach. Freud’s perceptions states, that there are three main sections to the human psyche. ‘’ID’’ is the first this is the natural instinct, which seeks out constant fulfilment, the second is the ‘’EGO’’ this is peoples own personal fixed values that they developed when they were children, and the third section is the ‘’SUPEREGO’’ which is a set of learned ethics, taken from the society they live in and from our parents rules and morals. Freud also believed that when people are children that they all go through five stages which are oral.