Explain the Reasons for the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Among Pathogens and Discuss Solutions

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Explain The Reasons For The Evolution Of Antibiotic Resistance Among Pathogens And Discuss Solutions. Antibiotics were first discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. Fleming was a professor of bacteriology at St Mary’s Hospital, London and carried out research into possible antibacterial agents. He worked predominately with Staphylococcus aureus and discovered, almost by chance, that some microbes produce antibiotics when he noticed that a small area of a discarded culture plate was free from the mould that covered the rest of the plate. He named the resulting substance Penicillin, and 5 years later it became the first usable antibiotic. Penicillin is produced by a group of fungi of the Penicillium genus. Streptomycin was the next widely used antibiotic, developed from a soil dwelling bacterium. This antibiotic is very useful for treating streptococcus infections and is even effective against tuberculosis. Several more antibiotic were developed in the years following and many emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. The processes by which antibiotics are developed and produced have also been improved over the course of the last 40 years. One of the main processes used to produce antibiotics on a large scale is carried out by growing bacterium which produces useful antibiotics in large vats of liquid microbial cultures. Some antibiotics are semi synthetically produced, i.e. the microbe produces a substance which is antibiotic and is extracted and then chemically altered to better suit the treating of the disease. Microbes are also genetically altered in laboratories to produce antibiotics to suit the needs of the animal which it will be used to treat. This process is carried out by synthetically producing plasmids for the use of transferring useful genetic information from one microbe to another. There are two types of antibiotics used; bacteriocidal and

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