• Children are likely to be more vulnerable to exposure to air pollution compared to adults for the following reasons; their lungs are still growing and developing, their immune and metabolic systems are still developing, they suffer from frequent respiratory infections, and they are more active outdoors than adults and therefore breathe in higher doses of outdoor pollutants. • Older adults: Older people are more likely to be affected by air pollution, perhaps due to generally weaker immune systems, or undiagnosed respiratory or cardiovascular health
Smokers’ cough turns into chronic bronchitis, caused by the deteriorated cilia. Mucus thickens and becomes greater in amount, thickening the lining of the bronchioles, resulting in difficulty breathing. The bronchioles steadily lose their elasticity which prevents them from absorbing the pressure on the alveoli, causing the alveoli to rupture; smoking-induced emphysema. This progression results in a worsening cough, wheezing, difficult breathing, and fatigue. As these structural changes are occurring, there are also cellular or molecular changes taking place in the lungs.
During this process, mucus production is increased. Plugs may be formed and further decrease the efficiency of gas exchange taking place. Symptoms of pneumonia can range from mild to life threatening. Pneumonia can be caused by inhaling food, dust, liquid, gas, and by various fungi. Common symptoms include chest pain, shaking chills, fever, dry cough, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting, rapid breathing and rapid heart rate.
During the asthma attack excess mucus is produced, which blocks the airway canal causing narrowing of the airway and more difficult air exchange in and out of airway sac. Because of this constriction, inflammation and mucous production, it is difficult to push air out of the airway sac causing the wheezing sound that is common with asthmatics. Asthmatics live with some amount of inflammation in their lungs on an everyday basis. By coming into contact with a trigger such as secondhand smoke, the asthmatic airway becomes more inflamed and constricted until it is almost impossible for the child to move air in and out of the lungs. It has been said that the feeling of an asthma attack is the difference between breathing normally and breathing in and out continuously through a very small
This kind of cause occurs when a baby does not grow well in the utero because of problems with the placenta, or the mother's health or birth defects. Babies with Intrauterine growth restrict may be born early, also premature babies with intrauterine growth restrict may be very small and physically immature, and full-term babies with Intrauterine growth restrict may be physically mature but weak. Also, low birth weight also depends on the age of the mother. If the mother is a teenager, then it is more likely for her baby to have low birth rate, especially those younger than 15. Multiple birth babies are at increased risk of low birth weight because they are often pre mature.
When a child or infant have anaphylactic shock it’s because they have a reaction to something and then the chemicals are released into the blood then that will widen the blood vessels so that will cause the blood pressure to fall. So that the air passage will narrow, therefore that will give the child or infant breathing difficulties. On the other hand the tongue and throught will swell then that will obstruct the airway. An infant or chid that is having anaphylactic shock will need urgent medical help because this might be a fatal. The signs & symptom’s that might come at once so the child might lose consciousness: high pitched wheezing sound, blotchy/ itchy/ raised rash, swollen eye lids, lips and tongue, difficulty speaking then breathing, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Explain the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual In this assignment I am going to be explaining the potential effects of five different life factors on the development of an individual including genetic factors, biological factors, environmental factors, socioeconomic factors and lifestyle factors. I am also going to be explaining the influences that the effects of the life factors might have on the individual. Firstly, I am going to explain a genetic factor and the effect it may have on the development of an individual. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that is caused by a defective gene, the gene is recessive and means that children that are born to people who carry this gene will only develop cystic fibrosis if both the parents are carriers. If both parents have the gene then there is a one in four chance that the child will be born with it.
Working with babies from birth to 12 months The main factors that affect the health and development of babies in there first year are smoking, alcohol, drugs, quality of care and love, stimulation, nutrition, infections, medical conditions and genetic factors. Smoking restricts the amount of oxygen they receive in the worm and it affects their growth and development. When woman smoke during pregnancy their unborn baby is at risk of a low birth weight. Prematurity is a risk as the baby would find it difficult to develop and the woman would give birth before 38 weeks. Other related effects that include a higher incidence of cot death and asthma.
A mother who smokes two packs a day could take over a pound and a half off the baby’s weight at birth. The baby could also have problems such as underdeveloped lungs and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Women who smoke while pregnant can cause a number of health issues for their baby. Not only will smoking harm the baby, but it also harms the person who is smoking in the first place. There are over 4,000 harmful chemicals in cigarettes.
When the children grow older they start to have self esteem issues which can lead to depression and other mental health problems. Another reason child beauty pagents should be banned is because of the innaproapriate outfits that parents make the children wear. An example of this is when a mother made her 3 year old daughter wear the Pretty Woman outfit. Most of the outfits worn by the small children have cuts in the side or back exposing a lot of skin, teaching children that dressing like this is acceptable. Child beauty pageants can also be financially straining.