The most common method of ratification is the three-fourths vote of the state legislatures. When the people prefer a change, Congress passes the amendment and the state legislatures vote to ratify. "Congressional proposal of the amendment is by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses. State ratification is by three-fourths majority" (Mount, 2006). The other ratification method is by convention that involves an entirely different body from the legislature.
The Twelfth Amendment, ratified in 1804, changed the method of voting in the Electoral College by requiring the electors to cast separate ballots for President and Vice President. (Originally, the electors voted for two candidates for President, with the runner-up becoming Vice President.) But the point of the amendment was to make party competition compatible with the separation of powers by securing the President's independence from Congress. Without that change in the Constitution, the power of electing the President effectively would have devolved from the people (represented indirectly in the Electoral College) to the House of Representatives, where ties between presidential and vice presidential candidates would be decided (as in 1800), and where all sorts of electoral mischief was
(A) what role does the US Constitution and Congress play in creating tax law? As per the Article I of the US Constitution, all legislative powers are vested in a Congress of the United States, which consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Congress has the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. All bills for raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills. Every bill which passes the House of Representatives and the Senate is presented to the President of the United States before it become a law.
Quality Commission, defence vetting agency); local organisations eg police authorities, health authorities, fire and rescue authorities 2 Understand the democratic election process for each level of government in the UK Democratic election processes: who is entitled to stand for election; candidate selection processes; the influence of the party system on elections; representatives; period of election; publicity and electioneering activities undertaken; the voting processes eg personal, postal, electronic; election-day activities for different elections eg general elections, local elections eg parish, district, county, metropolitan boroughs elections; responsibilities of elected bodies; voting systems used eg first past the post, single transferable vote, alternative vote, proportional representation 3 Know the impact of UK government policies on the public services Examples of policies affecting different public services: policies that influence all services eg environmental, civilian, equal opportunities, human rights, financial reductions or increases; policies affecting the military services eg declarations of war, increased use of reserve forces, increased use of technology; links
A proposed amendment must originate in Congress, be passed by two-thirds of both chambers, and then ratified by three-quarters of the states in the union (2012, Chap 2.4). The amendment that will be talked about in this discussion is the 14th amendment or the Birthright Citizenship Amendment. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed. In addition, it forbids states from denying any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” By directly mentioning the role of the states, the 14th Amendment greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment (LOC, 2012). There has been much debate over the 14th Amendment throughout the years; much of the debate has been because of the roughly 11million immigrants that are estimated to live in this country.
The United States has three branches of government, one of which is the Legislative Branch. In the Legislative branch consists The House of Representatives, and the Senate, together they form what’s known as Congress. Times change, so should American politicians! Many people assume the power in the government lies with the president---it lies with Congress. Congress holds the power to declare wars, write laws, impeach the president, levies taxes, and controls most of the government’s spending (Phillips, Todd).
The President is elected by a voting process similar to those in Presidential systems. In order to become President in Russia, a candidate must receive 50% of votes or more. If this does not occur then the top two receivers of votes will have another election and the consequent winner becomes the President elect. In this type of system, the President acts as the head of state and with the approval of the Parliament he/she decides who should become the Prime Minister. The legislative power is instilled in the Federal Assembly,
To answer this question one has to first describe and provide reasons for the rules which govern the legislative powers of the House of Lords in comparison to those of the House of Commons. To properly appreciate the rules one should determine the composition of the people who are subject to the rules first. Each member of the House of Commons represents a constituent of the UK and is voted for by that constituent, voting takes place once every term of parliament. Members of the House of Lords are selected not on a voting basis and are chosen from one of the two following methods. Hereditary members are those who inherit their status as from their family, non-hereditary members are chosen by the prime minister in recognition to their expertise to become life peers.
Initiatives are a form of direct democracy which allows referenda to be initiated by the citizens of a state (through a petition of registered voters where in California e.g. the initiative must have the number of valid signatures equal to 5% of the number of votes cast for the governor in the most recent election) Recall elections are a procedure that allows registered voters to petition for a public vote by which an elected official can be removed from office before the end of term. In most cases recalls are only permitted in cases of corruption, negligence or incompetence by the elected official. E-petitions are a simple way to influence government and parliament in the UK. One can create an e-petition about anything that the government is responsible for and if it gets at least 100,000 signatures, it will be considered for debate in the House of Commons.
Proponents of the UK and US voting methods also often cite the lack of a credible alternative as a reason for the retention of the current systems. In the UK, national elections are held when the incumbent government chooses to call an election. This differs significantly from the USA where political office is held on a fixed term basis. When a general election is called each constituency holds an election to decide their Member of Parliament (MP) using the first past the post system. If a party gains a majority it will be offered the chance to form government by the Queen.