Explain How Light Is Converted Into Electrochemical Impulses

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1. What is the difference between sensation and perception? [2 marks] - Sensation is the stimulation of sensory organs by energy in the environment, whereas perception is the selection, organization, and subjective interpretation of sensory input. 2. What is an absolute threshold? [2 marks] - An absolute threshold is the minimum amount of energy needed for a specific sensory system to detect a stimulus in the environment at least 50% of the time. 3. Explain how light is converted into electrochemical impulses in the brain. [3 marks] - Light travels through the pupil to the retina where it contacts the photoreceptors (rods and cones) and bleaches a pigment in the photoreceptors, which creates graded receptor potentials…show more content…
What is the Law of Effect? [2 marks] - Behavior is controlled by its consequences such that any response that is rewarded or reinforced, will be more likely than if not reinforced, to occur again in the future. 10. Explain the difference between fixed ratio and variable interval reinforcement schedules. Which works best and explain why? [4 marks] - In a fixed ratio schedule an organism is reinforced at a constant rate, such as every third response or every fifth response. In a variable interval schedule a different amount of time passes before each reinforcer, such as after 2 minutes, then after 1 min. then after 3 min. (average 2 min.) In general, ratio schedules produce more rapid responding, however, variable schedules produce steadier rates of responding and greater resistance to extinction. L0201 Thursday 1-3 Test 2 2004 11. Give a definition and an example of perception. [2 marks] - Perception is the selection, organization, and subjective interpretation of sensory input. An example would be looking at a picture and perceiving what the picture is about and what it means or hearing a sound and perceiving it to be the telephone ringing, meaning someone is calling

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