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Pritchard (2009, p. 36) stated, ‘It distresses patients on a mental level by causing behavioural and cognitive abnormalities, for example ‘anticipation of chest pain, separation from the family, loss of independence and fear of surgery and death’. Admission for surgical procedures may cause distress, high level of anxiety, link to a fear and loss of control in patients (Pritchard, 2009). This is what Mr Belami has been experiencing at this stage because he is worried about his health and family status or maybe he is fear of dying during surgery. Altered cardiopulmonary tissue perfusion Mr Belami is characterised as having difficulty of breathing and prolonged bed rest. Patient with dyspnea is at ‘high risk of oxygen supply and inadequate cellular oxygenation’ (Shackell & Gillespie 2009, p. 15).
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Retrieved from http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/measles-outbreak-worries-health-officials-article-1.1769026 Measles-United States, January 1-August 24, 2013. (2013). Retrieved August 13, 2014, from
These responses are displayed by emotional, cognitive, and behavioral changes. Somatic symptoms and symptoms of mental illness can also be seen in ASR especially when the reaction is severe. ASR manifests itself after the occurrence of a traumatic event and its symptoms can be unstable and complicated. The severity of ASR symptoms can lessen as time passes, but not for everyone. How a person recovers from the initial stress response depends on many factors.
By blaming themselves, doctors, hospitals, and family members’ grievers will show their anger. Mourning is next and is almost always the longest phase of the grieving process. Feelings of guilt, loneliness and depression are noted. Another obvious sign of mourning is unprovoked crying. Making the realization that life must go on is part of the recovery phase.
National Alliance to End Homelessness. (2009). Geography of homelessness: Part 1: Defining the spectrum. Washington, DC. North CS, Eyrich KM, Pollio DE, Spitznagel EL (2004) Are rates of psychiatric disorders in the homeless population changing.
Schizophrenia Bulletin 27(3), 339-377. Shonin, E., Van Gordon, W., Griffiths, M. (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and meditation awareness therapy (MAT) for the treatment of co-occurring schizophrenia and pathological gambling: A case study. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction 12, 181-196. Stafford, M., Mayo-Wilson, E., Loucas, C., James, A., Hollis, C., Birchwood, M., Kendall, T. (2015).