The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America In the 18th century, the ideas of modernity are spreading all around Europe while at the same time, in the British colonies of the New World, a revolt is organized against the despotic control exercised by Georges III, the King of England. This rebellion conducted to the Declaration of Independence of 1776, this is the culmination of the quest for independence of the thirteen colonies. This document and the revolution that accompanies it are unique to this time, and are major elements in the construction of modernity. It is not colonized people in revolt against the colonizers, but settlers themselves who proclaim their independence from the state they have always depended on. These are colonies which are separated from the motherland.
John F. Marszalek The Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny, And Sex In Andrew Jackson’s White House Copyright 1997 The Free Press Publishers New York The Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny, and Sex in Andrew Jackson’s White House is an account of the historical scandal of Andrew Jackson and Margaret “Peggy” Eaton. John F. Marszalek, author of the book, uses his knowledge of the situation to depict what happened in a simple and enjoyable read. Marszalek is a Professor of History at Mississippi State University, and has written two other books. His other books, Court Martial: A Black Man in America and Sherman: A Soldier’s Passion for America, are both historical accounts so he is accustomed to writing and using facts to support his argument. Marszalek writes this book in order to retell a well-known story under a different light.
All had representative assemblies Chapter 3 – Settling the Northern Colonies Pilgrims: Who; the most religious out of Puritans (Separatists) What; traveled for religious freedom When; arrived in New England in 1620 Where; from England Why; King James I chased them out because he feared that if they defy him as a spiritual leader, they would defy him as a political leader How; went to New England on the Mayflower Mayflower Compact; i. Purpose- for better “ordering and preservation”. They have to be unified to survive ii. Enact laws – by the body politic (majority vote) iii. Laws are just and equal iv. Promise to obey and submit Roger Williams Who; amiable and popular Salem minister with radical ideas; extreme Separatist What; threatened Puritan leaders – challenged them to cleanly cut ties with corrupt England and challenged legality Bay Colony’s charter (taking land from Indians w/o fair compensation) Denied authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior (treasonable act) When; 1630s Where; Massachusetts Bay Colony Why;
What does this information tell you about Wilberforce’s audience? Definition for WHIG (thefreedictionary.com) Historically a member of the English political party or grouping that opposed the succession to the throne of James, Duke of York, in 1679-80 on the grounds that he was a Catholic. Standing for a limited monarchy, the Whigs represented the great aristocracy and the moneyed middle class for the next 80 years. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries the Whigs represented the desires of industrialists and Dissenters for political and social reform. Origins of the word: probably shortened from whiggamore, one of a group of 17th-century Scottish rebels who joined in an attack on Edinburgh known as the whiggamore raid; probably from Scottish whig - to drive.
Edmund Burke Edmund Burke was born on 12 January 1729 in Dublin Ireland. He was a British statesman, author, orator, political theorist and philosopher. After arriving in England he started his political career in the House of Commons in 1765 as a member of the Whig party. Burke is remembered for his support of the American colonies against King George III and Great Britain. Burke was opposed to the Revolutionary War and tried to convince Parliament that the grievances expressed by the colonists were legitimate.
Emily Mullins Block two 9/28 1. John Winthrop and “a model of Christian charity”- J. Winthrop was the governor of the puritans’ “city on a hill”. This was a model of Christianity and set utopian goals for itself. The puritans changed English society and caused colonies to grow 2. Roger Williams- his beliefs differed from the puritans.
How protestant was England by 1540? Break with Rome, nature of the Church in England? * Henrician reformation was essentially an act of state motivated by political, personal and financial motives * The road towards the break with Rome & the Royal Supremacy had allowed evangelicals such as Crammer and Cromwell to rise to prominence, promoting Henry’s new policies. * Catholics still worshipped at a high level * Henry remained a catholic at heart * Comes to a confusing situation * Henry doesn’t show a clear understand of where he stands on religious fronts * Causes struggles in court Was there a move towards Protestantism in the years 1534-39 * The break with Rome and the royal supremacy had severed English connections with the papacy and removed Roman influence from English shores * English Church had been essentially created but papal authority was destroyed and payments were sent to the king * Encouraged more radical reformers abroad * Little alterations on popular worship The Factional struggle: evangelical’s v conservatives * Thomas crammer had risen from relative obscurity to the highest ecclesiastical position in England * On the temporal side Thomas Cromwell had shown his worth in masterminding the Royal Supremacy The Ten articles * see table The bishop’s book * see table Cromwell and the English Bible * both the ten articles and the bishops book can be regarded as partial successes for the evangelical faction at court, Cromwell in particular * neither offered a definitive statement of protestant belief * Cromwell used his friendship and trust with Henry to further the evangelical position * He maintained episcopal appointments to ensure that reformers were preferred * He organised preaching campaigns against Catholic practises such as the worshipping of
This is when the authority of the Roman Catholic Church led by the pope was rejected by those known as Protestants. Henry had imposed his own version on Protestantism where the English monarch became the head of the English church. Edward VI continued the reformation in England as to convert to a purer form of Protestantism. Under the guidance of his protestant council such as Thomas Crammer, Edward reshaped the face of the English church. However on his death, Catholicism returned to England in the form of Mary I.
Proclamation of 1763 Who: The Royal Proclamation What: Prevent the colonists from going west and passed the Appalachian Mountains. When: 1763 Why: To prevent future issues between Native Americans and the colonists. Where: North America and the Appalachian Mountains 3. Stamp Act Who: British parliament, George Grenville, and the colonists What: Law or Act that made it a requirement to have a stamp for all deeds, mortgage, law license, liquor license, playing cards, and almanacs. When: March 1765 Why: Raise money for the British army stationed in America.
Formally known as Plymouth colony, Massachusetts was founded in 1620 by Puritans to seek refuge in the New World. They were seeking a new life of religious freedom and purification of the Church of England after being exiled. The Puritans (pilgrims) drafted an agreement called the Mayflower Compact, which had rules that would guide and help them to establishing a new community. The Mayflower Compact is an important piece of American History because it was a step towards self-government in America. The Mayflower Compact stated that the adult males who would settle at Plymouth, not including servants, would have the right to vote on issues.