Discuss Evolutionary Explanations for Individual Human Aggression: Infidelity and Jealousy [8+16] Jealousy is an emotional state aroused by a perceived threat to a relationship that motivates aggressive behaviour to counter the threat. Infidelity involves a sexual partner being unfaithful either sexually, emotionally or both. This explanation is related to the Evolutionary approach to mating behaviour because Buss argues that gender respond differently because of different adaptations they each experience regarding reproductive concerns. Although both genders experience emotional and sexual jealousy, the cues are weighted differently because of the different reproductive concerns. Men are more distressed about sexual infidelity because of the adaptive problem of uncertain paternity and the risk of investing resources in a child who is not theirs.
A man whose mate was unfaithful risked investing in offspring who were not his own, while a woman with an unfaithful mate risked the diversion of resources away from her & her children. Sexual jealousy, therefore, may have evolved as a solution to these problems. Men are more jealous of the sexual act; to avoid cuckoldry while women are more
Support for Duck's theory comes from Boekhout et al who found that the main reason for breakdown is that one or both partners have an extramarital affair. They state that affairs might be a direct reaction to a lack of skills or stimulation in the current relationship. When they asked undergraduates to rate various sexual and emotional reasons for men and women to be unfaithful. The participants said sexual reason for infidelity like sexual excitement, boredom were more likely to be used by men, whereas for women emotional reasons for infidelity were lack of attention, commitment. Therefore this supports Duck's theory as extramarital affairs are link to the lack of skills or stimulation.
Through her viewpoints, Bartky emphasizes the understanding of epistemic risk as the interpretation of the woman making her male companion the center of everything, and therefore risking the loss of herself as and individual. This all demonstrates how the male role in Sex and the City depicts a true image of the dominance of men in romantic relationships according to Bartky’s “Feeding Egos and Tending Wounds.” In Sex and the City’s episode 54, “Time and Punishment,” the key issue is Carrie’s infidelity to Aiden, her boyfriend, with her ex-boyfriend, Big. The conflict between Carrie and Aiden arises after she receives a message on her answering machine from Big while lying in the bed with Aiden. From that point on Carrie’s relationship with Aiden takes a downward spiral. (Look up quote in book on pg.
In both instances, infidelity is damaging to married and unmarried relationships because of the secrecy and lust it involves. Some studies that the reason why men and women unfaithful to their partners is for the thrill of getting away with it. These actions are part of sexual behavior. For some men and women sex is important, spiritual, mental and emotional as personal. Human Sexuality has several components, sexual identity (the way a male or female express their sexual beliefs, values, attitudes, and feelings).
Thieves!’ Significant that Desdemona is placed in the middle of this list of objects, suggests that she is seen as an possession by both Iago and Brabantio. Although Othello is shown to be an honourable man, he still considers his wife as an object that belongs to him. Homosexuality in Othello: Iago’s love Iago seems to love no one, and talks about sex in a lewd manner however he seems to be obsessed with sexual function perhaps its sex between a man and woman that disgusts him and not sex in general. Iago is constantly arguing that you can control your feelings ‘as out bodies are our gardens’. This implies that he may be suppressing his feelings towards Othello.
Both Peterson and Wrangham believe that war and human violence exist because of inherited behavioral tendencies. These tendencies are the result of sexual selection where aggressive males typically dominant less-aggressive males, preventing them from mating and passing on their traits. Sure, we can see evidence of this in the Guido tribes of the northeastern United States, but due to rampant steroid use the chances for reproductive success are slim. Nonetheless, Wrangham and Peterson appear to suffer from monomania, as their argument for an inherent tendency towards violence seems to focus primarily on sexual selection as the driving force behind keeping the aggressive "gene" in our blood. While they conclude that pride is an integral factor in perpetuating violence, primarily among males, it does not prove that humans and chimps are biologically prone to violence.
Fantasies for men are more from memory and based on past or present sexual encounters. (The Journal of Psychology124 (4) pg 427) More specifically women fantasizes have been shown to contain themes of passivity, narcissism and sadomasochism. (Wilson & Lang, 1981; Porto & Couture, 1977; Wilson & Lang, 1981). Men fantasizes are characterized as more active, aggressive and impersonal. Men have fantasizes to have sex with numerous persons, which is not preferred by most women in their fantasies.
Second, masculinity has been such a daring transformation which affects all males from the time they are young. It has caused young and adult males to be more less superior and also show lack of confidence. Kimmel also suggests that feminists have bought a change in men where "feminism" might be applied in ways that actually help boys. Given that the unfairness and misinformation has created back lashes between males and females has clearly argued by Kimmel which he emphasizes how the "traditional masculinity" has affected how a boy portrays himself in society. Violence is a major influence in men's masculinity because it causes the men to think into a different state of mind.
It is thought that in a patriarchal society domestic violence against a woman by a man is inevitable as men like to prove their control. Radical feminists believe that for patriarchy to be abolished, which it should, then women must separate themselves from men, for example, they suggest ‘political lesbianism’ as to have heterosexual relationships it involves ‘sleeping with the enemy’, this male dominance over woman may be the reason there is an increase of same- sex and matriarchal families as men are no longer apart of the family structure. There is proof that this theory is based on truth as men and women are not equal, for example, men get higher wages in several jobs however, there is also issues other feminists and theorists have which is that females can also be abusive to the people surrounding them and it ignores the other factors for violence such as financial stress or mental health problems therefore domestic violence is not necessarily a way of gaining control. Marxists Feminists argue that men are not the main cause of women’s suppression but rather that capitalism is as it uses women to perform the jobs and services they need. This is because women as said to a ‘reserve army’ of cheap labour as they are taken on when extra workers or needed and then