Evolution of Short Story

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THE EVOLUTION OF SHORT STORY The short story is a kind of prose fiction, usually more compact and intense than the novel and the short novel (novelette). Prior to the 19th century it was not generally regarded as a distinct literary form. But although in this sense it may seem to be a uniquely modern genre, the fact is that short prose fiction is nearly as old as language itself. Throughout history man has enjoyed various types of brief narratives: jests, anecdotes, studied digressions, short allegorical romances, moralizing fairy tales, short myths, and abbreviated historical legends. None of these constitutes a short story as the 19th and 20th centuries have defined the term, but they do make up a large part of the milieu from which the modern short story emerged. HISTORY ORIGINS The evolution of the short story first began before man could write. To aid himself in constructing and memorizing tales, the early storyteller often relied on stock phrases, fixed rhythms, and rhyme. Consequently, many of the oldest narratives in the world, such as the famous Babylonian tale the Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2000 BC), are in verse. Indeed, most major stories from the ancient Middle East were in verse: "The War of the Gods," "The Story of Adapa" (both Babylonian), "The Heavenly Bow," and "The King Who Forgot" (both Canaanite). These tales were inscribed in cuneiform on clay during the 2nd millennium BC. FROM EGYPT TO INDIA The earliest tales extant from Egypt were composed on papyrus at a comparable date. The ancient Egyptians seem to have written their narratives largely in prose, apparently reserving verse for their religious hymns and working songs. One of the earliest surviving Egyptian tales, "The Shipwrecked Sailor" (c. 2000 BC), is clearly intended to be a consoling and inspiring story to reassure its aristocratic audience that apparent

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