Jung and Adler are the most significant theorists to follow Freud in this arena. Other schools of personality theory include: the “behaviourists” - viewing personality as a response tendencies developed through learning, Skinner and Pavlov being the better known theorists in this area; the “humanists” - focusing on the concept of “self” and arguing that incongruence, or the battle between one’s “self-concept” and reality creates anxiety and therefore defensive behaviour; the “biological” or “evolutionary” theorists, such as Eysenck who theorised that inherited differences in physiological functioning can affect an individual's conditioning and thus influence their personality (Weiten, Dunn, Hammer, 2012); and the “Trait” theorists such as Cattell and Allport and the more contemporary McCrae and Costa who have used the statistical procedure of factor analysis to reduce human personality down to five factors of personality known as “The Big Five”. These factors are: “Extroversion vs Introversion”, “Emotional Stabilty vs Neuroticism”, “Open vs Closed (to experience)”, “Agreeable vs Unagreeable”, “Conscientious vs Unconscientious”. Trait theorists argue that all personality traits are derived from these five traits. What follows is an outline of Freud’s theory of psychodynamics, and a description of the biological perspective on personality.
Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment TaWonnia Jackson PSY250 September 6, 2012 Loretta Harris Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment The following statements discussed will analyze the components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality. The theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler are compared and contrasted by research found. There will be characteristics of two theories along with descriptions of the stages to Freud’s theory, and characteristics along with Freudian's defense mechanisms. Each theorist’s had their own unique way of developing their very own theory. Sigmund Freud's theory is the psychoanalytic theory unique to a certain point and which it has developed formal models describing the ways in which individuals process information on different levels (Bornstein, 2010).
Erikson’s Theory of Development When psychologists discuss identity, they are alluding to the beliefs, ideals and values that help shape and aide an individual’s behavior (Cherry, 2014a). Development of identity is something that starts in childhood and becomes imperative during adolescence and, as per Eric Erikson, this proceeds throughout life (Cherry, 2014a). Continuing development as we age, our individual character gives everyone a facilitated feeling of self. Eric Erikson was an ego psychologist who developed one of the most popular and influential theories of development (McLeod, 2008). Centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development, Erikson’s theory is influenced by Freud (Cherry, 2014a).
He also linked some childhood desires with the development of ones personality. The psychoanalytic theory is founded on the basis that there are inner forces that influence ones behavior unconsciously. This theory was developed after a thorough observation of people’s behavior where Sigmund conducted case studies. Feud argued that human mind can be divided three parts; the conscious mind, the preconscious mind and the unconscious mind. According to Asch M (2004), the conscious mind includes the things that we are aware of.
DSE212-TMA01 Summarise two theories of identity and compare their usefulness for explaining the realworld issues discussed in Chapter 1, 'Identities and diversities' (1000 words) Concerning the topic identity theories, this essay intends to explain the Psychosocial Theory the Social Identity Theory. In doing so, the two theories will be compared in relation to their usefulness for explaining everyday issues concerning embodiment and physical impairments. The Psychosocial Theory considers the influence of personal and social factors on identity development. Focused on the individuals, they have to achieve a psychosocial stable and consistent core identity through normative crises. There is a connection between identity and core identity and the social context.
Gentlemen, please begin.” Freud : “Hello and many thanks, I will begin with saying that the human personality is part of the unconscious mind & that is fueled by an underlying reservoir of feeling. Personality is developed through stages, and throughout life, beginning at infancy.” Piaget : “Agreed. I have been exploring the roots of our varying knowledge base, and found them to be intertwined deep within childhood. Personality develops and changes, just as a child’s perception changes transitioning into adulthood.” Freud : “Piaget, surely you have had a slip. My findings conclude that the same, unquestionable, repressed sexual desires can be observed from infancy through to adulthood.
Discuss the psychodynamic model of abnormality. [12 marks] One of the most difficult tasks for those working within the field of psychology is to define abnormality. However, it is possible to try and define abnormality by using a range of models to help us, the psychodynamic model being one of them. It was Freud who developed the concept of the psychodynamic approach. The idea behind this was to use 'talking therapy' to bring past memories from the unconscious to the conscious.
Genetic inheritance theory is the inherited factors that shape our development and personality. 4. Explain Freud’s concept of the unconscious and why it is important in counselling. Freud's theory of the unconscious mind is based on his idea that there is a pool of unpleasant memories that we store outside of the conscious mind. According to Freud, even though the unconscious is hidden it still continues to sway our behaviours.
Name: Ruth Essay Title: Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual . development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issues. Word Count: 2359 The essence of the psychodynamic approach is to explain behaviour in terms of the forces that drive it. Freud believed that the adult personality is structured into three parts that develop at different stages in our lives. The id is the impulsive (and unconscious) part of our personality and is present at birth.
Karen Horney and Psychoanalytic Social Theory Final Janene Channell Liberty University Abstract The psychoanalytic social theory was founded on the premise that a person’s social and cultural experiences, especially childhood experiences are foundational for development of personality. Sigmund Freud is credited as the father of psychoanalysis, theorized that the condition of sex and aggression experiences determined a person’s personality. In contrast, Karen Horney (et. al.) who was labeled as one of many Neo-Freudian Psychologists believed that persons who have failed to have their basic human need for love and affection met during the child development phase develop hostility towards their caregivers.