Ethnic Groups Ireland 17th Century

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Northern Ireland : Culture and Identity 1556 to 1620 : plantation and settlements of English and Scottish. 1607 : Flight of the earls : 14th September 1607 = when Hugh O’Neill (Tyrone) and Rory O’Donnell (Tyrconnell) left Ireland for mainland Europe. Irish throw of their lands/put on English settlements Fuedal system. After 9 years war Irish ≠ land system as English. Aim : remove the Irish but stayed on lands. Plantation of Ulster = patchwork. Main job of English is to keep Scots out of Ulster. Back door of Ireland. Hamilton and Montgomery are 2 Irish lords. 1603 : union of crowns = accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the thrones of England and of Ireland ( James I). Strategic necessity : secure from invasion from the continent. Remove problems of the Reivers (raiders along the anglo-scottish boarder) from late 13th to beginning 17th. Financial strategy. Introducing “civility”. Irish were viewed the same way as Indians. Establish Protestantism in Ulster. Settlers. Ø Irish, English, Scots, Welsh but British (James I). Problems = English fought Scots and Irish for centuries. English richest. Irish remained catholics = religion of the oppressor. 1556 : Mary I : catholic. The Crown gained strategic security, saved money (ø army) and politically. Irish driven out of their lands. Scots = melting pot : Highland Scots are catholics and Lowerland Scots are protestants. Most of English in Ulster are protestants. Why did the Crown wanted Ulster to be protestant ? Church really important at the time. King = head of church. The Old English considered as half-subject because with the Pope, for James I. Scots raised number of question. James 1st of England : 2nd of Scotland : protestant king. Scots have settled in the boarder of Ulster, English didn’t want them in Ireland Ennemies. Scots are allied to French. 1513 : Scottish
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