The instructor tells the teacher that this is a memory test and if the learner misses a question then the learner will be shocked with voltages varying from 15 volts to 450 volts. The only way for the teacher to quit the experiment is to refuse to obey the instructor. The first subject does just this, as expected, and refuses to continue the experiment. Milgram asked various people for their predictions about the experiment. They predicted that the teachers would stop, not going past 150volts, while only one in a thousand would actually go to 450 volts.
P2 Describe two studies in psychology. Solomon Asch - Conformity Experiment (1951) Asch wanted to find out if a group of people would conform to the wrong answer following people who had already but there hand up even though the correct answer was very obvious. It was used with a line graph and you had to say which line was the tallest out them all. Asch conducted an experiment to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform and follow what they do. Asch used a lab experiment to study conformity; he got 50 males to come and do the experiment and used 7 people who were confederates, the confederates had agreed in advance what their responses would be when shown with the line task.
Quantitative research allows assessing and analyzing data. The association between an independent and dependent variable is studied in detail. Quantitative research can be used to test hypotheses in trials since it is effective in measuring data gathered from the statistics. The main disadvantage of quantitative research is that a large sample of the population must be studied; the larger the sample of people researched, the more statistically accurate the results will be. However,
The experiment consisted of several trials. For the most part, the majority of test subjects respond incorrectly. Psychologist, Solomon E. Asch, placed 123 test subjects from three institutions of higher learning in the minority situation described above. They could either repudiate the majority and go with the evidence of their senses or go along with the majority and be wrong. The minority subjects placed under group pressure displayed an increase in mistakes, in comparison to a near zero percent mistakes when tested individually.
Despite the limitations found in the BCDTC, the findings of the research proved that subjects who participated in the DTC were less likely to be rearrested than the control group. The failure rate for DTC subjects was 66.2%. Failure rates for non-DTC subjects were 81.3% (Gottfredson, 2003).
In hypothesis testing, the smaller the p value the more important it is. It is usually compared with the level of significance value and if it is lower, the null hypothesis is rejected. If it is higher than the null hypothesis is not rejected. It is important to note that a very small p value is an indication that there is a greater chance of the null hypothesis being rejected.
The independent group design could have meant, by chance, the group who were told to expect no negative withdraws, were naturally more determined people, thus increasing their chance of giving up anyway. Without a control group we cannot see how many people would have relapsed with no expectations being induced. Furthermore, self report methods were used when reporting withdrawal symptoms, which are subjective and could be influenced by demand characteristics, with people guessing the aim of the study and trying to give answers to help the experimenter. Another cognitive explanation is the self medicated model, which descried relapse as a result of the individual believing without their addiction they cannot cope, focus on a task or feel bored without their addiction to occupy them. For example a smoker may feel too stressed to function properly at work, therefore relapse and continual smoking occurred to reduce these negative
A little bit Weird? For my experiment, I broke two separate norms. Each with completely different outcomes. The first experiment people where a little rude and the second one didn’t phase very many people. I decided to do two separate experiments when in class Ms. Burbidge told us to do something more serious instead of something just silly we would just want to do.
The identification of the wrong person is considered to be the more detrimental inaccuracy as it incriminates an innocent individual and is unsuccessful in identifying the guilty. Malpass and Devine’s research (1981) highlights the connection between suggestibility and the pressures put on a witness to pick a suspect in a line-up. The method used to conduct the research was to stage an act of vandalism during a lecture; apporaximately 350 students were present but only 100 were selected to participate in the research. The vandal and foils were selected from a local highschool so that appearances such as weight, height, hair colour and style were consistent with the prescribed lineup procedures. The conditions of the lineups were biased questioning: suspect present, biased questioning: suspect absent, unbiased question: suspect present and unbiased questioning subject
How accurate is someone’s selfevaluated personality compared to a peer’s evaluation of their personality? Does the relationship the two people share affect the scoring? A test was given where people would either rate themselves or a peer on a scale of 1 7. The higher the percentage difference, the less accurate. The survey measured extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.