Yet, if we observe that pleasure is good, we should be able to ask is good pleasure. However if an individual gains pleasure through inflicting harm can we conclude that good and pleasure are one and the same thing? In short ethical naturalism is unable to define good, yet continues to claim that ethical language is based on objective truth. Non Cognitive approaches to meta ethics such as emotivism and prescriptivism argue that ethical language is subjective. A. J. Ayer claims that ethical language
All actions are related to an underlying principle. Kantian thought supports the idea that the actions are justified by a set of rules outlined in Kantianism. Utilitarianism is based on the idea of a greater good. Positive and negative consequences are quantified and the most positive consequence for the greatest amount of people is chosen, sometimes at the expense of others. For utilitarian school of thought, an individual strives to do the most good, even at the expense of the minority.
Identify the key features of one recognised ethical framework for good practice in counselling? One of the key features of one recognised ethical framework for good practice in counselling are the ethical principles of counselling and psychotherapy, these direct attention to important ethical responsibilities of the counsellor. These are made up of the following ethical principles: Being trustworthy Honouring the trust placed in the practitioner, this is also known as fidelity. Ensuring the clients expectations are ones that have reasonable prospects of being met. Autonomy Respecting the client’s right to be self governing.
Virtues ethics can be used to determine the right and wrong of an action. Moral virtues are based on the means of courage, generosity, mildness, and moderation. Action more beneficial to a group is known as utilitarianism. Sometimes this has been shortened to the slogan “the greatest good for the greatest number” or simply put,
Communication has the potential to direct and greatly impact the directions of any situation within organizations. Communication is one of the basic functions of any leadership team. In the book Terms of Engagement we can clearly see that, “Communication is the lifeblood of a living system” (Axelrod, 2002). What about the value of communication? L. Sierra said this statement, “The sad fact is that many business leaders don’t understand the value of communication” (L. Sierra, 2003).
Trusted leaders, first and foremost, are those whose actions match their words. In the same way children emulate what parents do more than what they say, employees look to see if the actions of their leaders align with their words. Keeping words and actions in lock step builds trust and credibility like nothing else. (Covey, 2006) The textbook has discussed many leadership styles with interesting descriptions: The Benevolent Dictator, Rah-Rah Type, Open Book Manager, Theory X, Theory Y, Autocrat, and Team Builder, for example. They all offer certain positives and negatives regarding successful leadership.
Bentham founded the principle of utility, which states that an action is right if it “produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people.” Bentham believed good is the maximization of pleasure and the minimization of pain, and that the greatest good is the greatest pleasure that creates the less pain overall for the majority. There are two main types of Utilitarianism act and rule. Bentham is known as the Act utilitarian. Act utilitarianism is when making a moral decision the best or most moral action we can perform is one that will enable to bring the best consequences for the majorities’ happiness. For example a man has the choice to shoot one person and save thousands or walk away and let thousands die.
Framework for ethical decision making and transformational leadership in Higher Education Kenneth Hill Robert Deemer Dimension of Ethical Leadership 4/29/2013 Framework for ethical decisions making means the evaluations of intentions behind the decision making that produces ethical or unethical behavior. As its name implies, transformational leadership is a process that changes and transforms people. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long term goals (Northouse, 2010). A code of ethics is commonly defined as ‘written, distinct and formal document which consists of moral standards used to guide employee or corporate behavior (Schwartz, 2001) In today’s education environment, leaders are asked to do more with fewer resources. It is up to ethical decision makers to move followers to accomplish more than what is expected of them.
The weaknesses of virtue ethics outweigh the strengths, discuss (35) The definition of a virtue is habitually doing what is right; being a virtuous person requires the practice of a certain kind of behaviour. There are a number of arguments for and against virtue ethics, most argue for the formation and growth of us via practical wisdom, which allows us to make the right decisions by using out conscience. Virtue ethics is mainly supported by Aristotle, Phillipa Foot and Alisdair Makentyre. Vitue ethics is based on different virtues which a person should possess in order to reach Eudemonia, Eudemonia should be the ultimate goal in everyone’s life as this leads to ultimate happiness and therefore a healthier and better society. One major strength of virtue ethics is that it allows the moral agent to make ethical decisions based on his or her moral well-being, not just based on what is legally right.
Keller exhibits positiveand negative attributes from the Dominance leadership style of the Everything DiSC®Management Profile (2008). Throughout the case, it becomes apparent that Wolfgang Keller, Managing Director, andDimitri Petrou, Commercial Department Director, fall short in certain areas of Jack Welch’sleadership model entitled, “What Leaders Do.”In the model, Welch contends that: Leaders relentlessly upgrade their team, using every encounter as an opportunity toevaluate, coach, and build self-confidence. Leaders make sure people not only see thevision, they live and breathe it. Leaders get into everyone's skin, exuding positive energyand optimism. Leaders establish trust with candor, transparency, and credit.