understand acquired brain injury describe what acquired brain injury is Acquired brain injury (ABI) is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder such as fetal alcohol syndrome, perinatal illness or perinatal hypoxia. ABI can result in cognitive, physical, emotional, or behavioural impairments that lead to permanent or temporary changes in functioning. These impairments result from either traumatic brain injury (e.g. physical trauma due to accidents, assaults, neurosurgery, head injury etc.) or nontraumatic injury derived from either an internal or external source (e.g.
If the physicians did not have any means of viewing the damage done to Tim’s brain directly, they could use their basic findings of Lateralization of the brain that is the dominance of one hemisphere of the brain in specific functions to locate the affected areas. So conclusively if Tim had lost vision after the stroke his sensory area specifically the visual area in the occipital region was damaged. Similarly if he had lost sensation his somatosensory area in the parietal lobe was damaged in the right
Strokes tend to affect a specific area of the brain, whereas a head injury due to a road accident usually involves more general damage. The main effects of brain injury can be grouped into three areas; Physical – affecting how the body works. Fatigue -ordinary tasks take much more effort and more rest is needed. Mobility – movement can become slow and balance and co-ordination can be affected. Sensory impairment – Sensation of touch on the skin may be reduced, lost or exaggerated.
After the original impact, the brain starts to swell in order to protect itself. The swelling of the brain can cause many blackouts, memory loss and confusion. It is also possible for a person to suffer multiple concussions. The more concussions one experiences, the more damage is inflicted on the brain. This damage is in fact permanent and there is no treatment for it.
Fronto temporal dementia is a progressive degeneration of the frontal lobes of the brain. FTD also includes a condition called Pick’s disease which like FTD is caused by damage to parts of the brain that are responsible for behaviour, emotions and language. Dementia with Lewy bodies is very similar symptom-wise with Alzheimer’s disease in that it causes problems with memory, reasoning and language. Also, the
Some people develop tumors in the gland, which are usually benign. If a tumor is found surgery can be done to remove the thymus gland Myasthenia Gravis affects many parts of our bodies system. The axial skeletal system is involved because the brain is enclosed in this area, and MG affects the cerebellum, the part of the brain that coordinates action. The maxilla, mandible, and palatine parts of the skull because they all involve chewing. MG causes chewing and swallowing to be difficult, also the nasal bone because aspiration can happen in more severe cases.
This is usually due to motor vehicular accidents with associated pelvic injury, spinal injuries and foreign body insertion in the rectum. Iatrogenic injuries can also result in fecal incontinence. This usually occurs with anal or rectal surgery, such as hemorrhoidectomy or fistulotomy. Other causes for fecal incontinence include rectal prolapse, anal or rectal malignancies, and radiotherapy to the pelvic area. Key
The notion of brain plasticity explains the brain's ability to reorganize, and delegate tasks to new areas of the brain after trauma to the head. The most common form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is concussion. Concussion comes from the Latin concutere - to shake violently and concussus - the act of striking together, and is caused by a blow to the head or by acceleration forces without direct impact. Although concussion is classified as mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) the long-term consequences of concussion, especially multiple incidences, are anything but mild. Although they are the most common TBI, concussions are highly misunderstood.
1. Is there any evidence to suggest which hemisphere of Tim’s brain suffered damage due to stroke? It’s a known fact that left part of the brain controls the functioning of right part of the body and vice versa therefore; left hemisphere of Tim’s brain might be suffering from damage. 2. What imaging technology would best reveal the location and extent of damage to Tim’s brain produced by his stroke, and why?
Given that the first stage of a seizure is strongly altered perception of sensory information, it seems to follow that the sensory area is affected first. In fact, epilepsy is strongly associated with sensory (and motor discussed next) cortex, which lies just behind the central fissure on each side of the brain. Posttraumatic epilepsy, a common complication of severe head injuries, may be the result of scar tissue formation near the sensory cortex. The abnormal firing spreads from the sensory area to an area for motor control. The second stage of a seizure is ictus and is characterized by convulsions.