Essay on Strategic Culture

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Essay topic: is there such a thing as strategic culture? Introduction: Traditionally the term “strategy” has been used to define how, in the pursuit of a particular interest, the military power is used. In particular, until the Cold War, the study of strategy was finalised only to the understanding of military events, typically battles, and the evolution of military technology, in order to provide the armed forces with tactical manuals. The advent of the nuclear weapons and the Cold War changed the way in which strategy was conceived and studied. Accepting the immense power of destruction of a nuclear weapon it was immediately clear, at least in the western world, that a nuclear war could not have a winner. This new environment provided a new, completely different, target for strategy that had to find a way to deter war, instead of winning it (Snyder 1990, 3). When the Soviet Union approached the nuclear parity it emerged the need for a new approach in the study of strategy. Strategic theory appeared to be unable to recognize the diversity of national military strategies. There was the need for a new approach that could give a clear comprehension of the Soviet behaviour and a range of strategic responses to it. The study of strategic culture was developed in the late 1970s in order to understand the differences in the nuclear approach between Soviets and Americans. Analysts managed to discover the distinctions among the two superpowers by focusing on the different national styles and on cultural analysis in determining these. Gradually it emerged that culture was an essential tool to understand purpose, identity and means of an enemy, overcoming the concept that strategy was universal and identical for every actor (Poore 2003 in Glenn, Howlett and Poore, 45). Studies on strategic culture remained in the academic background, after that the task assigned was
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