Unplanned pregnancies constitute to the mother feeling more depressed as she now is expecting something she never intended to happen. Often, unplanned pregnancies may cause aspects like premature delivery and other complications, which bring more worry from a mother’s point of view. Unwanted pregnancies can often have a long term affect on mothers simply because the mother now has to look after a baby when she did intend to or expect to do so. Therefore, such a factor is regarded as high-risk when associated with Post-Natal Depression. In terms of the hormonal changes when giving birth, many hormones change in the body, thus triggering a greater chance of the mother suffering from Post-natal depression.
Intrusive memories can include flashbacks, or reliving the traumatic event for minutes or even days at a time as well as upsetting dreams about the traumatic event. Symptoms of avoidance and emotional numbing involve trying to avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic event, feeling emotionally numb, avoiding activities you once enjoyed, hopelessness about the future, memory problems, trouble concentrating, and difficulty maintaining close relationships. Often, a person with PTSD will change their entire outlook on life after a traumatic event. The symptoms of their PTSD will cause them to reevaluate their life, and often cause them to make irrational decisions based on fear of such an event occurring
Although pharmacotherapies for depression carry some risks, untreated depression may lead to significant problems. If depression is not treated, poor self-care, poor nutrition and newborn neglect may adversely affect infant development and maternal-child bonding. DEPRESSION DURING THE PERIMENOPAUSAL
Illicit use of these drugs can lead to low birth weight, breathing difficulties, death, and of course the possibility of the baby being born addicted to the drug. Drug addictions in infants present themselves as irritability, fevers, and piercing cries. More specifically, cocaine use during pregnancy can cause physical deformities in the child’s eyes, bones, genitals, urinary tract, kidneys and heart and acute growth retardation. They may also experience seizures and hemorrhages. While many people believe that marijuana may not be as harmful as these other drugs, it can still affect the infant in a few ways.
DSM-IV Evaluation Case Study 1: Josephine suffers from DSM-IV: Schizoid Personality Disorder Causes: The exact cause of Schizoid Personality Disorder is unknown. However, it is believed that a mixture of genetic (having a parent who suffers from any of the disorders classified on the schizophrenic spectrum) and environmental factors (having a parent who did not respond to emotional needs) (Mayclinic: Schizoid Personality Disorder, 2010). Treatment: Treatment of Schizoid Personality Disorder includes the use of medications such as Risperdal, Zyprexa, and Wellbutrin that treat some of the symptoms associated with Schizoid Personality Disorder. Psychotherapy, or Cognitive Behavior Therapy, is used to assist in altering the beliefs and behaviors of the individual, and used to improve the development of social skills. Group Therapy is used to provide support structure to individuals suffering from Schizoid Personality Disorder and to provide social motivation (Mayclinic: Schizoid Personality Disorder, 2010).
In most cases, the disorder is triggered by a major stress or traumatic event. Childbirth may trigger the disorder in some women. It generally first occurs in early adulthood 20's and 30's, and is more common in women than in men. People who have a personality disorder like antisocial personality disorder or paranoid personality disorder are more prone to developing brief psychotic disorder. Treatment for brief psychotic disorder usually includes psychotherapy which is a type of counseling and/or medication.
Multiple birth babies are at increased risk of low birth weight because they are often pre mature. Moreover, excessive stress and victim of domestic violence or other abuse also may increase the risk of low birth weight. Babies who have low birth weight are more likely to have health problems than babies born normally. Many of the premature and low birth weight babies lack enough body fat to uphold a normal body temperature, and have medical problems. Some of the medical problems that infants with low birth weight have are that they have the risk of developing breath problems such as the respiration distress syndrome.
In addition, using psychostimulant medications to treat ADHD or ADHD-like symptoms in a child or adolescent with bipolar disorder may worsen manic symptoms. While it can be hard to determine which young patients will become manic, there is a greater likelihood among children and adolescents who have a family history of bipolar disorder. If manic symptoms develop or markedly worsen during antidepressant or stimulant use, a child psychiatrist should be consulted, and treatment for bipolar disorder should be considered. Physicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of mania so that they can educate families on how to recognize these and report them
A lot of the time a person with social anxiety may have trouble falling asleep due to the stress of an upcoming social event. Having bad sleeping patterns such as these can wear a person’s body down and create serious health problems (Denkmire and Perritano 7). Individuals with social phobia tend to over analyze or over think simple situations which can cause a large amount of stress when done every day. Heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure are a few serious side effects associated with the stress that accompanies social anxiety. Social anxiety increases a person’s chances of developing high blood pressure.
Each substance can cause severe and permanent damage to children before and even after birth. Researchers have found that these substances can cause low birth weight, premature delivery, fetal alcohol syndrome, mental retardation, learning disabilities, stillbirth, miscarriages, and under developed limbs. Many babies born to mothers that have abused alcohol and drugs while pregnant are born addicted to the substance and go through withdrawal symptoms after being born. Some women are able to quit using these substances when becoming pregnant but many women are not and need professional help to quit. Pregnant women face many barriers when trying to get help for their substance abuse problems.