Describe the sequence of signs and symptoms, vascular and tissues events, and cells and mediators involved. 3. Explain the difference between active immunity and passive immunity. 4. Discuss, in detail, all the genetic and cellular events encompassed in the clonal selection theory of lymphocyte development.
2. Leukocytes are produced or stored in many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. The two kinds of lymphocytes are B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes start out in the bone marrow and either stay there to mature into B cells, or they leave for the thymus gland, where they mature into T cells. Other formed elements, such as blood is a mixture of plasma and other substances which are developed through red blood cells or erythrocytes.
Lymphatic System & Disease Resistance 1. Describe lymphatic system functions. The lymphatic system helps fluids circulate the body and helps defend against agents that cause disease. 2. Locate each of the following lymphatic vessels: right lymphatic duct, thoracic (left lymphatic) duct, right and left subclavian veins, and cisterna chyli.
What are the thymus gland functions? The thymus functions chiefly to develop T lymphocytes. Once mature, these cells leave the thymus and are transported via blood vessels to the lymph nodes and spleen. T-lymphocytes are responsible for cell mediated immunity, which is an immune response that involves the activation of certain immune cells to fight infection. 4.
stores proteins and alot of exporting (sending stuff out of the cell) 3. In which part of the cell would you expect to find nucleotides? building block for DNA, DNA found in the nucleus 4. Name the two organelles involved in energy conversion.chloroplast and mitochondria 5. What are the basic functions of the organelles in chapter 4?
The nucleus regulates all cell activity and is bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, this membrane separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The Nucleus have two major functions. It stores the cell’s hereditary material, or DNA and it co-ordinates the cell’s activites, which include metabolism, growth, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division). ‘Mitochondria are the cell’s power producers’ Bailey, About.com. They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell.
Rough ER transports these proteins to the regions in the cell where it is needed. | Ribosomes | A ribosome is composed of two parts known as the large and small subunits. Each of these is a combination of protein and a type of RNA known as rRNA. | the main thing they do is that they arrange the strands of the amino acids for use of the other parts of the cell and ultimately the body. | Goigi Apparatus | The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to be responsible for handling the macromolecules that are required for proper cell functioning | It packages and ships molecules made in the ER.
These proinflammatory monocytes home to atherosclerotic lesions, where they propagate the innate immune response by expressing high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and other macrophage mediators, including matrix metalloproteinases (Fig. 1, left). Recent evidence has also highlighted the potential participation of mast cells in atherosclerosis. Long identified as a minority leukocyte population in the arterial adventitia and atherosclerotic intima, mast cells exhibit numerous functions implicated in atherogenesis (14,15). For example, mast cells release vasoactive small molecules such as histamine and leukotrienes, certain serine proteinases, and heparin, a cofactor in growth factor action and angiogenesis.
Bio 1102 Human Biology Key Terms to Know Linkous gene a section of dna that codes for a specific protien genes instructions for building a certain protein dominant allele that is present in genotype is always expressed phenotype the way a gene is expressed genotype the genetic make up of an organism What is the normal number of times mammalian cells double/divide? 60-70 artery thick walls, high blood pressure, move blood away from the heart tolerance •Involves down-regulation and enzymes ▫The liver releases enzymes into the blood stream to break down substance X ▫When substance X is constantly introduced into the body: –The liver produces more enzymes –The cells (typically brain) make less receptor
However, in order to confirm a diagnosis of this particular type of ichthyosis, a skin biopsy is strongly recommended. (the removal for diagnostic study of a piece of tissue from aliving body.). This specific type of technical examination can identify the characteristic changes within the epidermal cells associated with hyperkeratosis, (overgrowth and thickening of the outer layer of the skin). The cells of the stratum corneum (dead flattened skin cells) contain protein and act as a protective barrier along the surface of the body. The process by which new epidermal cells are formed and gradually changed into the cells of the stratum corneum is referred to as keratinization.