Over the past year the rate of robberies has increased by more than 1,000. Philadelphia has a poverty rate of 25% percent, which is currently the highest percentage in the United States. Philadelphia developing] a large population and high poverty rate robbery higher than that of Baltimore. Baltimore having a population of 639,919 is a metropolitan area that is located in the state of Maryland. The city of Baltimore has had 3,336 robberies in 2010 .
Recognition of the dangerous harm of these acts is responded to in the form of hate crime laws. These laws are a legal attempt at recognizing the harm of this form of aggression. It also notes the importance of implementing sanctions against these acts. According to the Uniform Crime Reports, which is reported by the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, “almost 8,000 hate crime incidents were reported to the police in 2006” (Zaykowski, H., 2010). In 2010 the Bureau of Justice Statistics report estimated that over 200,000 individual's are victims of hate crimes each year.
Hate crimes penalties are greater than other crimes because of two main reasons first is that they are target to communities and second the individual who commit hate crime need to have greater culpability then those who commit a regular crime, based on those two reasons legislating a hate crime on character the liberal society might lose of its features. In this paper I will engage and explain Hurd’s view with taking in consideration three different points of view. The first one is the increased penalties for hate crimes are in fact justifiable, the second one is hate crimes
This is “the practice by law enforcement of considering race as an indicator of the likelihood of criminal behavior” (Robinson 530). The issue of using race to identify people is disputable because minorities feel that it is an act of inequality and also humiliating. However, the Supreme Court supports its legality as long as ethnicity is seen as an important factor that determines the detainment of an individual. Therefore, there are many pros and cons about the legality of this law enforcement technique. During times of war, racial
Personal Crime Analysis Dawn Wright CJA/354 July 4,2011 Kristin Mildenberger Personal Crime Analysis When an individual harms another individual of any age has just been committed of a personal crime. A personal crime, also known as violent crimes, which may result in an attempt to do the crime or the suspect has successfully completed the crime. Each jurisdiction are different by the way they run their units, most are running a homicide unit and a sex unit to take care of the hundreds of caseloads that are reported. Examples of personal crimes are homicide, assault, battery, mayhem, rape and statutory rape. The rates of these personal crimes vary depending on one’s judgement that has been made.
The Ineffectiveness of Sex Offender Registration Laws Using Labeling and Social Disorganisation Theories. Name: Jasmine Jovcic Course: Bachelor of Criminology Unit: CRM 206: Criminology Unit Coordinator: Guy Hall Submitted: 3rd of October, 2012 Word Count: 1 900 The Ineffectiveness of Sex Offender Registration Laws Using Labeling and Social Disorganisation Theories. Laws such as Megan’s laws arise in the presence of a growingly concerned community in the face of sex crimes. This increases demand for a more intense measure to punish and monitor the offender, as well as provide the community with the ability to protect itself and the children in it from becoming victims. With legislative changes around the world including that of Megan’s law in the United States of America (USA) and Sarah’s Law in England, it is no surprise that states around Australia, including Western Australia (WA) are following in the lead.
This is a day that will forever be burned in the minds of not only Americans, but other cultures and races across the world. A random act of violence (of a target) can have a few different levels. This was a hate crime that not only affected Caucasians, but races from all over the world, and once other races were affected; there was no taking back the damage that had been done. When referencing the factors that serve as victimization many different levels come to mind. If the hate crime is sexual orientation based, the factor(s) would be if the victim is LGBTQ, and with the number of individuals having issues with LGBTQ, the number of crimes is on the rise.
This essay will show that whilst the law often has a broad meaning, in the UK for example, “Any hate incident, which constitutes a criminal offence, perceived by the victim or any other person, as being motivated by prejudice or hate” (Stonewall, 2012), being able to identify and punish hate crimes is far more difficult that it would seem. Whilst there has been a significant rise in the number of hate crimes being reported, the actual definition and clarification of the categories of groups included as possible victims of hate crime remains unclear and as a result, application of the law lacks parity across these groups. Johnson (2010) wrote that over 50,000 hate crimes had been reported in the UK in the preceding year, with over 43,000 reported as racially motivated and almost 5,000 incidents motivated by a person’s sexual orientation, either gay, straight or bisexual. When considering groups who would be most vulnerable to hate crime, race and sexual orientation are likely to spring to mind, although as Gerstenfeld (2010, p.2) points out, precise groups that are included as victims in definitions of ‘hate crimes’ can vary from place to place but race and religion always seem to feature – the two oldest reasons for division in society. Gerstenfeld (2010, p.9) goes on to point out that the simplest definition of a ‘hate crime’ is that it is a criminal act that is
The actual known hate crimes targeting gay men and lesbians is compromised because of the inclusion of sexual orientation as a category under the federal hate crimes law. What I don’t think people understand is that victims of such hate crimes suffer more physical trauma and psychological trauma than any other crimes. Sexual orientation continues to be excluded from many states, as I stated earlier. The U.S. Senate rejected the inclusion of sexual orientation in federal hate crime laws back in the late 1990’s even though hate crimes towards gays and lesbians were
Motivation of Hate crimes: Characteristics and Laws Hate crimes pose serious social problems. In spite of the hate crime legislation, the rate of hate crimes is increasing. The FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) Program collects data for crimes motivated by biases against race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity/national origin, or disability. According to the UCR Program’s Data, 7,722 reported hate crime incidents in 2006. Comparing to the last year’s result, 7,163, hate crime incidents increased by 7.2%.