| Investigating Osmosis Through Living Membranes | Introduction: Diffusion is the tendency of molecules or ions to move from an area where they are in higher concentration to an area where they are in lower concentration, that is, down or along their concentration gradient (Marieb 2013). Osmosis is a special case of diffusion defined as the diffusion of a solvent, such as water, through a selectively permeable membrane (Marieb 2013). Osmosis occurs whenever the water concentration differs on the two sides of a membrane. Take a U-shaped container filled with a solution and separate the container into left and right compartments by a permeable membrane. Normally, net diffusion of both solute and water occurs until the concentration of water (and solute) is the same on both sides of the membrane (equilibrium).
Aim of experiment (1.1) The aim of this experiment is to show that the force exerted by a jet of fluid striking onto an object is equivalent to the rate of change of momentum in the jet. It is possible to observe the shape of the fluid after the impact with the flat plate. Apparatus (1.2) Impact of a jet apparatus Steady water supply with a flow control valve A flat plate Set of calibrated weights Stop watch Theory of experiment (1.3) In this experiment the rate of change is calculated directly from the change in momentum rate of the fluid before the fluid hits the plate and after the fluid hits the plate. This is a diagram of the straight plate and what will happen as the fluid impacts on the plate. Before the impact of the fluid onto the plate, the fluid is in line with the x-axis, as shows by the velocity vector labeled V1.
Describe and explain the roles of water in living organisms and as an environment for living organisms Water has many different properties than enable it to be easier for organisms to live in. Firstly, water is a great solvent. The importance of this is that the metabolic processes in all organisms rely on chemicals being able to react together in solution. We can see this through many examples for organisms. To start with, there is the transport of nutrients, in glucose and amino acids in the blood.
This quality is important because that makes water a good solvent (it can dissolve many things). Other polar compounds and ions can easily be dissolved in water because polar + polar = even distribution of charge, and ions have a charge, so it's attracted to the opposite charge on the water molecule. The ability of water to dissolve many solutions is essential in organisms. In the bloodstream, for example, sugars and other nutrients are dissolved so that the blood cells can carry it to cells in the body. If sugars weren't dissolved, they couldn't reach cells.
The level of osmotic pressure is equal in the intracellular fluid, and the extracellular fluid.’ (Study.com, 2015) ‘Osmotic pressure is vital within the human body because it allows water to enter a cell if there is lack of water, and vice versa, if there is too much water within one cell, the osmotic pressure will allows the electrolytes to exit a cell.’ (Study.com, 2015) ‘Intracellular fluid has important functions, it transports food within the cells, it also brings waste products from the cells so that they can be picked up and excreted from the body, and it maintains the shape and size of the cell.’ (Nursing411.org, 2015) ‘Extracellular fluid is located outside the body cells. The extracellular fluid consists of one-third of the water contained in the body. The extracellular fluid has many functions; it carries nutrients and oxygen to the body cells and waste materials from the cells. There are two types of extracellular fluid, including interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid.’
For most purposes Newton's laws of gravity apply, with minor modifications to take the general theory of relativity into account. 2. Inertia - A property of matter by which it continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is changed by an external force. 3. Potential Energy - Is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a force field or in a system due to its configuration.
Distillation is a liquid purification process using heating and cooling. Real World Application Vapor pressure is used in distillation to purify a compound by separating it from non-volatile material. The lowering of the vapor pressure causes molecular movement along the surface of a liquid and through processes of evaporation and vapor cooling; the compound is separated and distilled into its purer forms. Distillation there are many uses for colligative properties in the real world, and decreasing of vapor pressure is among the many that are implemented into modern techniques and technology today. "Colligative Properties of Solutions."
The techniques help analyzing. Identifying, purifying, and quantifying unknown separable mixtures. Mobile phase is either a liquid or gas which moves the solvent through the stationary phase during the process. The stationary phase is a liquid or solid component that’s fixed in a place for the procedure. Paper chromatography works on capillary attractions.
1.Design 1.1 Defining the problem and selecting the variables In this investigation I aspired to figure out how the buoyancy of an object depends on the volume of water it displaces. My research question therefore is: How does the change of an object's weight in water depend on its volume. More precisely How does the buoyancy of an object depend on the volume it covers in water. My variables were: Independent variable: The volume of an object. Dependent variable: The buoyancy of the objects.
This makes it possible to equate the expansion of the reservoir fluids upon pressure drop to the reservoir vodage caused by draw of oil, gas, and water minus the water influx. Successful application of this method requires an accurate history of the average pressure of the reservoir. As well as reliable oil –gas and water –production data and (PVT) data on the reservoir fluids, if sufficient pressure and production performance data are recorded and (PVT) data describing the reservoir fluid behavior is available. The amount of oil or gas in place in a reservoir sometimes may be the computed by material balance