Epinephrine . Melatonin . Glucagon 25. Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland functions to make the tubules more permeable to water, thereby increasing water’s absorption? A. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone B. Anti Diuretic Hormene C. Follicle Stimulating Hormone D. Insulin Like Growth Factor 26.
Exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes carried to the duodenum. Endocrine portion secretes hormones into the blood stream to help the body regulate sugar
adrenal medulla/adrenaline * Paracrine - that secretes hormones that affect adjacent cells e.g. gastric mucosa/gastrin/gastric pits. * Autocrine – regulate their own avtivity by the secretion of hoirmone e.g. interstitial cells of testis/testosterone Each target cell in the body is regulated only by those hormones to which it has receptor molecules , and not y others.different cells may respond in different ways to the same hormone – the transduction machinery of different target cells ‘reads’ the hormone signal in different ways. Blood hormone concentrationare usually governed by negative feedback control – a reduction in concentration stimulates additional secretion and an increase in concentration inhibits further secretion.
A) thyroxine B) triiodothyronine C) calcitonin D) cortisol E) aldosterone 6. Which of the following statements regarding T3 and T4 is false? A) They are produced by the thyroid gland. B) They regulate metabolism. C) They increase the rate of oxygen consumption.
Endocrine glands have a rich blood supply through which hormones travel to reach their target organs. Hormones alter the metabolism of target organs by increasing or decreasing their activity. These changes in activity are strictly balanced to maintain homeostasis (a stable internal environment). Many endocrine glands are linked to neural control centers by homeostatic feedback mechanisms. The two types of feedback mechanisms are negative feedback and positive feedback.
hCG effects the hormone LH (Luteinizing hormone) and the target tissue is the ovaries in women and testis in men. Symptoms of hCG include morning sickness, Hyperthyroidism, and Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. Raised hGC levels can cause multiple fetuses, Hydatidiform Mole, and Choriocarcinoma. You can receive hCG injections or orally to correct you hCG level. Cushing’s disease is a condition where the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic (ACTH).
Hypothalamus regulates the Pituitary Gland, by release of regulatory hormones -Negative feedback mechanism regulated How does the hypothalamus control the anterior pituitary? Hypothalamus produces Regulatory Hormones that are release by hypothalamic neurons into Portal Veins that descend into the Anterior Pituitary casueing it to either to release hormones or inhibit hormone release What is the hypophyseal portal system and why is it important? An extensive capillary network that surround endocrine cells of the Anterior Pituitary, provides an entry point into the blood stream for hormones secreted by the Anterior
Absorption of nutrients occurs mainly from the a) liver b) colon c) stomach d) small intestine 15. Prolactin is produced by the a) ovary b) adrenal gland c) anterior pituitary gland d) posterior pituitary gland 22. The beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans secrete a) insulin b) amylase c) glucagon d) histamine 16. Dyspnoea is breathing that is a) fast b) noisy c) shallow d) difficult 23. 17.
Explain the role the hypothalamus and pituitary gland have in the regulation of the endocrine system. What would happen if there were no negative feedback control on growth hormone and thyroid hormone? The hormonal secretion is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms. The stimulus triggers the production of hormone worse direct or indirect effects that reduce the intensity of the stimulus. The simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by humoral stimuli – changes in the composition of the exetracelluar fluid.
Plasma carries food from the stomach to cells but carries waste from the cells to the kidneys and intestine. The body needs lots of haemoglobin because it will combine with the gases; oxygen and carbon dioxide. The red cells carry the oxygen in the arteries and capillaries to cells of the body. One function of the blood is to transport materials within plasma and hemoglobin around the body. Plasma contains hormones, nutrients and waste substances.