Enzymology Essay

5908 Words24 Pages
Clinical Enzymology Enzymes nomenclature, classification, structure and specificity Enzymes, isoenzymes and their relevance in diagnosis Regulation of enzyme levels in serum and plasma Selection of enzyme tests Measurement of isoenzymes and isoforms Some important enzymes in clinical practice Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alanine transaminase (ALT) Creatine Kinase (CK) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Alkaline phosphatase Acid phosphatase γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) Amylase Lipase Cholinesterases 5’ nucleotidase (5'NT) Functional tests of renal, liver and gastric fluid Gastric function tests Renal function tests Liver function tests (LFT) Key words Clinical enzymology; Enzyme classification; Structure; Activation energy; Factors affecting enzyme activity; Inhibition of enzyme activity; Enzymes and isoenzymes; Functional and nonfunctional plasma enzymes; Measurement of enzyme activity; Aspartate transaminase (AST) / Alanine transaminase (ALT); Creatine kinase; LDH; Alkaline phosphatase; Acid phosphatase; GGT; Amylase; Lipase; Cholinesterase; 5’NT; Gastric function test; Renal function test; Liver function test Clinical Enzymology Clinical enzymology can be described as the branch of science which deals with the application of enzyme analysis to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Enzymes are proteins which have catalytic properties and activate substrates. They are the catalysts of all biological and metabolic reactions in body. The measurement of the serum levels of numerous enzymes has been shown to be of diagnostic significance. This is because the presence of these enzymes in the serum indicates that tissue or cellular damage has occurred resulting in the release of intracellular components into the blood. Hence, when a physician indicates that he/she is going to assay for liver enzymes, the purpose is to ascertain the
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