Changing the pH toward the optimal pH will [ increase | decrease | not change ] the rate of reaction. Introducing a competitive inhibitor will [ increase | decrease | not change ] the rate of reaction. 4. Place a check mark next to the things that are expected to INCREASE the rate of an enzymatic reaction ___X____ Add more enzyme ___X____ Add more substrate ___X____ Adjust pH to optimal level _______ Add a non-competitive inhibitor _______ freezing 5. What characteristics do all enzymes share?
pH > 7 is alkalinity environment that will bind hydrogen ion, and pH < 7 is acidic environment that will donate hydrogen ion. On the other hand, increasing hydrogen ion concentration will reduce the bound metal cation concentration. Decreasing hydrogen ion concentration will increase the hydroxyl ion concentration (M. Chaplin, 2004). Enzymes are one of the most efficient catalysts in biochemical reactions. They are used to speed up the reaction rates by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy, which is the minimum energy that requires for reactions occur.
A con is the higher risk of destruction of normal body flora. Drug allergy, drug toxicity, and creation of resistant microorganisms are also facts that need to be taken into consideration. Narrow-spectrum antimicrobials can only target either Gram-negative or Gram-positive microorganisms or a small variety of microorganisms at the time used. A con is that the bacteria have to be indentified first, before treatment can start. The pros are the reduced risk of creating resistant microorganisms and less chance of harming the host.
Therefore the two kinds of fatty acids compete for same enzyme complex; however, monounsaturated fatty acids are formed in greater concentration than VLCSFA. The reduction in the elongation of VLCSFA and a diet low in VLCSFA will slow the demyelination
Figure 4a shows data on REACTION RATE vs. the effects of enzyme inhibition experiment. The enzyme did not work with the inhibitor. 5) DISSCUSION Our hypothesis was that while trying to determine the optimum temperature for peroxidase the enzyme was going to denature or that the enzyme activity was going to increase at 60°C. Based on our results we concluded that it was a moderate inhibitor because as the temperature increased the reaction rate (absorbance) also increased instead of decreasing. For the effect of the pH on the peroxidase we did think that the pH5 was going to have the greatest amount of absorbance because it reacted well and it had the most enzyme.
Lesson 03.06 Mutation Lianna Jones 8/11/15 Mrs. Swider 1.Describe how mutations lead to genetic variations. By producing random changes in an organism's genetic code. This causes a different protein to be produced, or none at all. Usually has a negative effect, due to an important protein, e.g. an enzyme, not being produced, so the organism cannot do a certain thing (e.g.
Aldolase B catalyzes F1P breakdown into glyceraldehyde and DHAP. These will become either glucose or pyruvate. Pyruvate is needed for the citric acid cycle to work. Without aldolase B, the body cannot process F1P. This will lead to an accumulation in body tissues.
If there are higher levels of potassium, then the resting membrane potential will be less than normal and an action potential will be not likely with the same amount stimulation. More voltage is needed. • Explain how hypokalemia will initially affect the resting membrane potential and the generation of an action potential. The resting membrane potential is based on the polarization of the cell. If there are lower levels of potassium, then the resting membrane potential will be higher than normal and an action potential will be more likely with less stimulation.
An ACE inhibitor medication inhibits the enzyme that allows this conversion to occur, and therefore, decreases blood pressure. Nursing responsibilities prior to administration: Monitor BP and potassium level (for hyperkalemia). A persistent cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors. Angioedema is a rare, but serious side effect. Do not use during pregnancy!
Investigation of the effect of metal ions on enzyme activity Objective: The effect of lead (II) ion and silver ion on the enzyme activity of invertase Introduction: Hypothesis: The activity of the invertase will be inhibited by the heavy metal ions Prediction made from the hypothesis: Biological principle: Heavy metal ions are non-competitive inhibitors. They do not compete with the substrates for the active sites of enzymes. They attach to other parts of the enzyme molecules and cause changes in the structure of the active site. The substrate molecules can no longer bind to the active sites and the rate of enzymatic reaction decreases. Therefore, they prevent the enzyme reactions from taking place.