What is a Ligament and how does it work? Ligament is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and supports and strengthens joints. The main functions of ligaments are to keep the bones of the skeleton in a suitable alignment and prevent abnormal movements of the joints. What is a Tendon and how does it work? A tendon is tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Torn knee cartilage usually is referring to a torn meniscus. The meniscus is a tough, rubbery cartilage that is attached to the knee's ligaments. The meniscus acts like a shock absorber. In athletic activities, tears in the meniscus can occur when twisting, cutting, pivoting, decelerating, or being tackled. Direct contact is often involved.
Introduction Patients often require more than a simple patch of bone to be replaced after traumatic injuries, bone resection due to tumors, or complex surgeries in areas such as the hips or knees. With the ability to work with the body’s natural osteogenetic processes; hydroxyapatite (HA) based biomaterials have become an increasingly popular bone grafts substitute. However, this technology is unrealistic since biomaterials manufactured with conventional methods tend to have poor osteoconductive properties and mechanical strength, which limit them to low stress applications. In order to overcome these hindering properties, Dr. Qiang Fu, Dr. Mohamed Rahaman, Dr. B. Bal, and Dr. Roger Brown propose a unique method of synthesizing hydroxyapatite scaffolds in the following research article, Proliferation and Function of MC3T3-E1 Cells on Freeze-Cast Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Oriented Pore Architectures. Research discussed in this paper is focused on a new method of scaffolding fabrication which improves upon the microstructure of HA scaffolds.
The main purpose of the hip joint is to support the body and for locomotion. As such, the hip joint contains many ligaments, muscles, cartilage, tendons and a capsule in order to strengthen the joint and allow friction free movement between bones. Any degeneration of theses can lead to hip weakness. ------------------------------------------------- Clinical Indications The main causes of hip joint degeneration are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and hip fractures and a prosthesis is normally offered when these diseases begin to affect the everyday life of the patient. Figure 2 shows the effect of arthritis on the hip joint.
MCL Injuries in Athletes Playing any type of sports may be a lot of fun, but if you’re an athlete, you know yourself that having injuries is a part of it. If you do contact sports such as rugby, soccer or football, you are most likely familiar with MCL injury, or in layman’s term, a knee sprain. MCL stands for “medial collateral ligament.” This is one of the ligaments of the knee, a thick band of connective tissue located at the medial (or inner) side of the knee which protects and stabilizes your knee joint, and allows it to rotate. Though your medial collateral ligament functions to protect your knee joint, it is also one of the most commonly injured part of your knee; hence, sustaining an MCL injury. Understanding MCL Injury and Its
I believe that if the cutaneous membrane was damaged it would heal in time after all it is our skin and we know that in most people it heals with the help of red blood cells. The mucous membrane is different from the cutaneous membrane because the mucous membranes are found on the inside of the body. Mucous membranes line the urogenital tract, digestive tract and respiratory tract as well. If the mucous membranes get damaged the mucous cannot do its job by fighting off infection. The serous membrane lines the cavities in the body that secrete fluids such as the lungs, heart, stomach, and intestines.
Injuries to the ACL and PCL usually happen when playing sports or doing exercises that require an agile change in direction. These injuries are quite painful and, in severe cases, require
Ankle injuries By: Wesley Mann Ankle injuries are extremely common in sports that have quick power surges, jumping and sprinting. So common that in the United States everyday 23 000 people need medical attention for ankle sprains. A sprain is an injury to the ligaments of the ankle they are caused by an unnatural twisting motion of the joint when the foot is planted awkwardly, when the ground is uneven ( for instance Naismith field ) or when an unusual amount of force is applied to the joint suddenly. The ankle joint is a modified hinge joint that can perform plantar and dorsiflexion as well as inversion and eversion at the transverse tarsal joint. The joint has many bones and they are all held together by ligaments.
C fibres transmit more slowly and to the brain stem or frontal lobe because urgent action is less important. This type of pain is more likely to affect mood and general motivation. There are two basic types of pain; nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain 1. Nociceptive Pain * Somatic : Somatic pain is caused by the activation of pain receptors in skin tissues or deep tissues (musculoskeletal tissues). Deep somatic pain is usually described as dull or aching but localized.
Read more about the symptoms of pressure ulcers. How pressure ulcers develop Pressure ulcers can develop when a large amount of pressure is applied to an area of skin over a short period of time. They can also occur when less pressure is applied over a longer period of time. The extra pressure disrupts the flow of blood through the skin. Without a blood supply, the affected skin becomes starved of oxygen and nutrients and begins to break down, leading to an ulcer forming.