ENDOCENTRICITY AND EXOCENTRICITY

796 Words4 Pages
ENDOCENTRICITY AND EXOCENTRICITY 1) Endocentric and Exocentric Types of Phrases A phrase is a group of at least two words which are connected with some grammatical relation between them (except the relation of predication which is found in clauses). The word syntactically more relevant determines the type of a phrase. Therefore, we can speak of: a) noun phrases: belong to the endocentric construction types: subordinate (these students) and coordinate (students and teachers) and all their subtypes. Noun phrases cannot be exocentric. They can be distributed as the subject, direct object and the nominal predicate within a sentence: The students work hard; I saw the students and These girls are students. b) adjectival phrases: are also of endocentric type, subordinate (very tall) and coordinate (tall and good-looking), with the exception of appositive subtype of the coordinate constructions. They also cannot be of exocentric type, they are mainly distributed as modifiers within the noun phrases, nominal predicates and complements: a very nice dress; they are quite smart; John finds her quite smart. c) adverbial phrases: are endocentric - subordinate (very slowly) and coordinate (slowly and carefully); no exocentric types. Adverbial phrases are distributed mostly as adverbial modifiers (within a verb phrase) and can be the subject of a sentence: She drives very slowly; Very slowly is how I want you to drive. d) verb phrases: can be both endocentric and exocentric. Endocentric verb phrases are those which are made of a verb (or verb phrase) as the head and an attribute: seldom goes; walked quickly; lay in the corner; speaks with strangers; visited them last year; got famous overnight; did it on time. Exocentric verb phrases are irreducible: saw / everything; saw / everything there were to see; got /a letter; got / rich; wanted / to stay
Open Document