INTRODUCTION Transactional leadership theory takes a behavioral approach to leadership by basing it on a system of rewards and punishments (Bass & Avolio 1993). Transformational leadership is about appealing and engaging people at an emotional level and inspiring trust, loyalty and respect. Russell (2006, p. 125) affirms by stating that, “transformational leadership is about leading in an environment of change. Effective leadership may, and usually will, require adoption of transactional or operationally oriented leadership roles. The ‘full leadership range’ concept proposed by Bass and Avolio (Avolio 1997; Avolio & Bass 2002) suggests that transactional and transformational aspects may occur in the same person and leadership role Charisma is defined as “an endowment of leaders by their followers of a high degree of esteem and referent power" (Bass 1990).
Describe how the cognitive approach has been applied to RET The cognitive approach believes that we are information processors. Our thinking and the way we process and interpret events can affect our behaviour particularly our mood. Therefore rational emotional therapy is linked to the approach because its attempts to change the way an individual interprets and thinks about certain events. Ret was devised by albert ellis in the 1950’s. it tries to tackle mustabatory thinking (the thinking that you must be good at everything and like by everyone) by trying to make the patient think more rationally about situations.
In order to verify if the results of these studies have intense validity, there has to be an evaluation done on them. This will be accomplished by reviewing the studies, comparing and contrasting their purpose, research questions, sample population, results, and examining the limitations and conclusions of the two articles in order to validate these specific articles. Comparison of Purpose and Position There are two empirical studies to compare that address the relationship between both a transformational leadership and the follower. The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency, (Kark, Shamir, & Chen, 2003); Impact of transformational leadership on follower development performance: A field experiment (Dvir, Eden, Avolio, , & Shamir, 2002). The purpose of Kark et al.
“Transformational leaders are able to increase follower self-efficacy, giving the group a ‘can do’ spirit. Followers are more likely to pursue ambitious goals, agree on the strategic goals of the organization, and believe the goals they are pursuing are personally important” (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p. 384). By evaluating and comparing my characteristics with my admired leader, Janet Mock, “People working for charismatic leaders are motivated to exert extra effort and, because they like and respect their leader, express greater satisfaction” (Robbins & Judge, 2013, p. 381). Developing those additional leadership skills and advancing the characteristics I currently possess, will allow me the opportunity to expand my horizon. Conclusion Understanding and evaluating leadership styles and theories can allow an individual to assess his or her capabilities.
Self-awareness – take charge of both your positive and negative emotions Self-regulation– discover the interrelationships between emotions and gauge how they develop and mutate with time. Use emotion which would benefit the team. Social awareness – understand what the team requires from
What Is Emotional Intelligence? Definitions, History, and Measures of Emotional Intelligence By Kendra Cherry What is Emotional Intelligence? Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while others claim it is an inborn characteristic. Since 1990, Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer have been the leading researchers on emotional intelligence.
The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) is a well-established model in psychology that is concerned with attitude change in terms of the effects of persuasive communication and the strength of attitude that results from the process. (Cook, J.C. et.al., 2004, p.315). Please consider the following visual aid: The Elaboration Likelihood Model (Sacha, L. & Mehdi, M., 2010). Persuasive communication is the process of guiding people toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational and emotional means.
• Howard Gardner began to write about multiple intelligence in 1983. He proposed that intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences and the type of intelligence (typically measured by IQ and related tests) are equally important. • Salovey and Mayer actually coined the term emotional intelligence in 1990. They described emotional intelligence as "a form of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide ones thinking and action" (Salovey & Mayer, 1990). Salovey and Mayer also initiated a research program intended to develop valid measures of emotional intelligence and to explore its significance.
A goal is what a person is trying to accomplish (DuBrin, 2004). In order to direct ourselves we set goals that are clear and understandable, challenging, and achievable. Feedback is an important element in goal setting. We need feedback so we can determine whether we are succeeding or whether we need to change our goals and/or direction. We find feedback very encouraging and motivating.
How can the role of leadership be best understood in organizational change The role of leadership can best be understood in organizational change as a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Depending on the conceptualisation of organizational change you adopt, the leader’s role could be perceived to be a variety of things, from that of an initiator/visionary, the influencer of culture, a trigger for follower organizational identification, someone who redefines resistance, or a sense maker who introduces new discourses. The most useful approach can be to consider an issue from a number of different theoretical points of view before determining the most effective intervention. Leadership has been conceived of in a multitude of different ways varying from Great man theory (Borgatta, Bales and Couch, 1954; Cawthon, 1996), trait theories (), and style theories (). More recent conceptualisations of leadership include contingency theory (), and transformational leadership ().