Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? According to Monash University, “Gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine” and “Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal, and external sex organs” (A.Nobelius, 2004). I believe gender and sex are different. Main difference is, gender describes external view of a person such as their behavior or voice and sex describes in more biological features such as their physical appearance or their organism.
100113189 To what extent did the Variability Hypothesis demonstrate the use and misuse of science in Psychology? The Variability Hypothesis is the idea that men show a great range of variability in both physical and intellectual abilities as oppose to women who are all very much the same (Hall 1904). Jastrow 1896; Hall; 1904 suggested that there are inherent intellectual and physical differences between men and women (Shields, 1982). Leta Hollingworth (1913) referred to this as ‘armchair dogma’ a term used to describe the kind of passive beliefs that helped to sustain this hypothesis. According to Hollingworth objective scientific investigation was lacking for the assertions made by the variability hypothesis (Benjamin, 1975).
Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? According to "Eldis" (2013), “'Gender' refers to the socially constructed roles of and relations between men and women. , while 'Sex' refers to biological characteristics which define humans as female or male.” (1) Gender and sex are similar but they are not the same thing. I say this because a person can have the sexual characteristics of a man but still have the gender of a woman e.g.
As it relates to human sexuality, Herbert (1997) calls these clashing claims the nature vs. nurture models of human behavior. Essentially, the question associated with these two perspectives is: Are people born gay or are psychological and social factors more influential than biogenetic factors in determining whether a person is homosexual? A good deal of the early research attempting to answer this question focused on either looking for support for biogenetic influences as the primary determinants of sexuality or on looking for psychosocial and environmental factors as the primary determinants (Money, 1999). However, current research and theory no longer attempts to separate the two models (Bermant, 1995). Rather, current scientists agree that human sexuality (like other human behaviors) are due to the influence of a combination of social, biological, genetic and psychological factors.
Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 57, No. 4, 2001, pp. 637–655 Gender, Status, and Leadership Cecilia L. Ridgeway* Stanford University More than a trait of individuals, gender is an institutionalized system of social practices. The gender system is deeply entwined with social hierarchy and leadership because gender stereotypes contain status beliefs that associate greater status worthiness and competence with men than women.
People have choices and you are who you are by the choices you make and the experiences you have in life. In a study using identical twins to prove homosexuality is not genetic, Dr. Neil Whitehead states, “The predominant things that create homosexuality in one identical twin and not in the other have to be post-birth factors”. Dr. Whitehead believes same-sex attraction (SSA) is caused by “non-shared factors”, things happening to one twin but not the other, or a personal response to an event by one of the twins and not the other. Hyperactivity is a disorder caused by genetics and/or environmental factors. If a mother abuses drugs or alcohol when pregnant, the baby will be more likely to be born with certain disorders like hyperactivity.
These ideas were then challenged in the 1990’s with third wave feminism and postfeminism, both of which are concerned with the mass media’s influence on our understanding of gender. The sex of a human is biologically determined, but our ideas of typical femininity and masculinity are socially and culturally informed and perceived through the mass media. Second wave feminist perspectives are all concerned with the problems of patriarchy and hold many different anti-patriarchal views. Radical feminism, a second wave perspective, focused its criticisms on the issue of pornography. Andrea Dworkin, a radical feminist, claimed that pornography had a direct
They have many issues with processes such as IVF as masturbation to gain the sperm used in IVF is viewed as a misuse of the genitals. To Natural Law thinkers the genitals are for reproduction and masturbation is seen as something done for pleasure, and not the purpose of reproduction. Furthermore the destruction of the spare embryos created during IVF goes against the first Primary Precept of Natural Law which is to preserve and protect life, and these embryos to Natural Law thinkers are life. Natural Law is also against Fertility Treatment as a whole when it comes to single people, post-menopausal women and same sex couples as it is not naturally possible for them to conceive naturally anyway which is defined by the laws of nature of which they believe were created by God and must be upheld . IT is however important to note that Natural Law thinkers are not concerned with the consequences of actions, whether they bring good or bad doesn’t matter but what matters to them is whether the action itself is good or bad.
The geneticists, on the other hand, are a whole different ball game. These are the people who stress the nonarbitrary, genetically determined nature of the connection between environment and behavior. They are often stereotyped as trying to explain behaviors in terms of genetics alone, with no effect from their surrounding environment. Geneticists are often the ones most interested in the biological perspective of homosexuality. Recently, homosexuality has been at the top of the list of public controversies.
This argument led to ongoing debate of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology. Some have pointed out that the premise of the "nature versus nurture" debate seems to contradict the significance of free will. If all our traits are determined by our genes, by our environment, by chance, or by some combination of these acting together, then there seems to be little room for free will To sort out the effects of genes