The time children spend in day care is associated with negative effects in social development. More hours in day care during a child’s early years is associated with less social competence and cooperation, more problem behaviors, negative mood, aggression, and conflict. Negative effects of day care on social–emotional development persist throughout early childhood and adolescence. Day care is linked with poorer average outcomes when children spend more time in center care, enter day care at an earlier age, or are in lower-quality care. Maternal sensitivity is strongly linked to the effects of day care on children’s social development and is the most crucial predictor of children’s development, even when children spend long hours in day care.
Foster Children and the Struggles Faced Within LIFE IN FOSTER CARE 10/16/2012 When the economy is low, the foster care system sees a rise in abandoned, neglected, and abused children adding more than the normal amount of cases. “In 2011 there were 401,100 children in foster care” (Child Trends, 2012). These children depend upon the people that work within the system to help and provide them with guidance and security. Foster children usually receive their basic needs while in the system, but older children tend to experience more difficulties than younger children do in foster care. He or she is likely to end up in trouble with the law than their peers without the proper support (Cowan, 2004, p. 1008).
They measured emotional and social competence at ages 4, 8 and 16. The study found that at the children who were restored to their real parents were less likely to have formed attachments with their original families, but adopted children were as closely attached to their adoptive parents as the control group. However both the groups of ex-institutionalised children had problems with peer relationships. These findings suggest that their early privation had a negative effect on the ability to form relationships. This supports bowlby’s theory that failure to form attachments has an irreversible effect on emotional development.
Rutter investigated the effects of privation in Romanian orphans who had been brought to the UK after being raised in very poor institutions, having suffered extreme privation. Rutter found that from the children adopted from 6-12 months of age, 40% showed continuing mental deficits and impaired brain development. Deficits included autistic-like symptoms including a lack of guilt and inability to develop relationships. A follow up study showed at the age of 11 that while the orphan’s physical development had caught up quickly compared to the control group of UK adopted children, brain size caught up more slowly and while continuing improvement was still being shown, marked adverse cognitive effects were still present, suggesting that the consequences of privation aren’t completely irreversible. Interestingly in the Rutter study those who were adopted before the age of 6 months tended to show a more marked improvement compared to their older counterparts.
The introduction of contraception has led to couples having smaller families, therefore meaning that children now tend to receive more attention from their parents. Similarly, parents are also able to care for their children better due to the introduction of the welfare state and child benefits. Climbie’s case and ‘Every Child Matters’ has led to the improvement of social services and child protection, meaning childhood is much safer now than it was 50 years ago. Children are also in better health due to the NHS, meaning more children survive childhood now than ever before. All children can now receive state education up until the age of 18, meaning they are better educated and can achieve much higher in adulthood, whilst experiencing a longer period of youth.
Discuss the effects of day care on children's social development (12 mark) Many observations and studies have been carried out to see whether the effects of day care on a child's social development is positive or negative. Violata and Russell( (1994) conducted a meta analysis on 88 studies, they concluded that regular day care for 20+ hours a week had a negative effect on a child's social development. Their findings were that day care promotes aggressive behaviour in children both verbal and physical. It can be argued that thinking that the cause only cause of aggression amongst these children is day care, is a reductionist thought. As they sated that day care was the only reason for increased aggression in children and didn't taken into account environmental factors, previous experiences etc.
These programs also have benefits in health and reduce child maltreatment, behavior, cognition, and emotional. There was a study that was conducted to show the benefits of early intervention programs. The study took place observing two and three year old children, then observing school aged children that participated in early childhood program and then statistics from adult who were active in early childhood programs. People who participated in this study also showed a reduced dependence on social welfare use. Children who participated in this study show that they were better prepared for kindergarten.
Its aim was to improve the quality of care and education for children from birth to the end of their first year in school. It is a statutory curriculum which means that all providers working with babies and children up to the age of 5 years have to follow it. The purpose of making it statutory was to ensure that all children were given the same opportunities for a high-quality education.” (Children & young people’s workforce. Early learning & childcare - Penny Tassomi) There are six areas of learning and development that must shape educational programmes in early years setting. All areas of learning and development are important and inter-connected and are particularly crucial for igniting children’s curiosity and enthusiasm for learning and building their capacity to learn, form relationships and thrive.
This is reflected when a child's writing ability increases throughout years of schooling because of the neurological growth that occurs (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2004, p. 22). It is also obvious as a child hits puberty, and the child's body starts to physically mature. Psychodynamic perspectives theorize that when children and young adults face social decisions they are directed by the impulses presented by sexuality and aggression, but they are also led by a need for social contribution and acceptance (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2004, p. 22). Through many different stages children learn to use their impulses in a way that is constructive to society (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2004, p. 22). This concept is exemplified when a student hits another student, or lashes out at teachers or parents.
Day care is a better childcare system. Day-care is a reasonable form of childcare system. Day-care is place where children ranging from ages as small as one month to ages that are much older who are being taken care of during the day. This could be due to the fact of parents being too busy to take care of them during that said time, either because of work, school, or other time consuming obligations. Day-care with a good quality of caregivers teaches the children to interact or socialize with their peers, helps them to acknowledge and learn new things and also helps a child to be prepared for elementary school.