Fish Adaptation and Physiology Kim Rosnik SCI/230 10/21/12 Kelley Gaske Fish Adaptation and Physiology In our modern day world, we have many organisms that live in two main areas. The first main area is on land, and the second is in water. The organisms that live in water are very different then the ones that live on land. Even though land and water animals need the same necessities to survive, they have adapted in different ways. This paper is intended to describe the physiology of fish and how they have evolved in their environment of water.
Are there advantages to swimming in school? The answer is yes. There are many different ways that swimming in schools can help fish. There is safety in numbers, so one way is that it keeps fish safe from bigger predator fish that might try to attack and eat them. Some fish swim so close together they blend in with each other and to a predator it would look like one huge fish, making the predator confused and scared so they swim away.
In a fish, the metabolic rate depends on the temperature of the water. The metabolic rate can be calculated by measuring the amount of oxygen initially and then measuring the amount of oxygen again later. Temperature of the water, activity of the fish and size of the fish affects the metabolic rate of the fish. In this experiment, we will study the effect of temperature on two variables, oxygen consumption and ventilation rate of the fish by determining the rates of both in two different temperatures 15C and 25C which are the independent variables. Oxygen Consumption and the ventilation rate of the fish are directly proportional to the temperature of the water.
The guard cells lower their water potential to draw in water from the surrounding epidermal cells, by actively accumulating potassium ions. This requires ATP which, is supplied by the chloroplasts in the guard cell Gills: Fish uses gills as their gas exchange surface. Gills have a large surface area because of the numerous folds within them. The rows of gill filaments have many protrusions called gill lamellae. Water is continuously pumped through the mouth and over the gills.
Record the combined weight 4. Determine the weight of the water by subtracting the empty beaker weight (step 1) from the weight of the beaker plus 50 ml of sea water (step 3) 5. Place beaker on hot plate and evaporate most of the water. Record the time and temperature at which the seawater begins to boil. As the water is being evaporated, record the temperature every 2 minutes.
In contrast, minerals might be absorbed not only from diet but also from the ambient water in developed fish. Fatty acids are one of the most important nutrients for most finfish species, and supplementation of dietary fatty acids improves survival and growth for marine fish larvae. Copper is one of the essential trace minerals, which plays an important roles within the activity of enzymes as well as within the metabolism; however, copper deficiency in the diet and ambient water reduce the growth rate of the fry considerably. There were two experiments tested and for which material and methods were such as wild adult pair of anemonefish, water temperature, and tanks. Experiment one was based on the effect of the copper on survival and growth of the fish which were examined under the semistatic condition with six different copper concentration.
Aquatic invertebrates are also affected by gas bubble disease but at levels higher than those lethal to fish. In recent years, it has come to the understanding to many scientists that oxygen depletion is the most common cause or fish kills in ponds and lakes. (Why Oxygen) As can be seen, environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem Thus, it is essential to explore how the amount of dissolved oxygen can impact aquatic life in a system. This experiment is a replication of Biosphere 2 in the early 1990s. It is a closed ecosystem that is artificially constructed to be self-sustainable.
Fish normally develop bradycardia when they are withdrawn from the water. Introduction Diving response refers to a psychological response in human and animals that allow them to survive when submerged in water or are drowning. It leads to blood being redistributed to vital organs such as the brain and heart hence ensuring a constant supply of oxygen. This leads to longer periods of suspended breathing (apneia) without risking asphyxiation (Robertson, Biaggioni, Burnstock, Low and Julian, 2007, p. 569). Diving response is achieved through constriction of blood vessels and reduction of blood supply to oxygen tolerant tissues with the heart rate
The calibrated oxygen probes were inserted afterward and the initial oxygen concentration (mg/L) and temperature (degrees C) were recorded. Readings were recorded for each fish every 15 minutes for an hour. Before each reading, the ventilation of fish—calculated as the #of ventilations/min—was recorded. Results The following graphs relay the data from the experiment: O2 Concentration: | | | | 25°C Group I (mean) @ 60 mins: | 7.53413253 | | 15°C Group I (mean) @ 60 mins | 3.93180717 | 25°C Group II (mean) @ 60 mins | 3.35650718 | | 15°C Group II (mean) @ 60 mins | 3.3843035 | Mean | 5.44531986 | | Mean | 3.65805534 | | | | | | 25°C SD I @ 60 mins | 4.885936 | | 15°C Group I SD @ 60 mins | 0.650752 | 25°C SD II @ 60 mins | 1.1884265 | | 15°C Group II SD @ 60 mins |
You should submit your document as a Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf) file for best compatibility. Exercise 1: Data Interpretation Dissolved oxygen is oxygen that is trapped in a fluid, such as water. Since many living organism requires oxygen to survive, it is a necessary component of water systems such as streams, lakes and rivers in order to support aquatic life. The dissolved oxygen is measured in units of ppm (parts per million). Examine the data in Table 4 showing the amount of dissolved oxygen present and the number of fish observed in the body of water the sample was taken from; finally, answer the questions below.