Allow the crystals to dry for 1 week then, weigh it, take a MP, and calculate the % yield. * Assemble the apparatus for reflux using the diagram (see figure 1), place boiling chips or a stirring bar in the bottom of the flask. * Weigh 2grams of finely ground nutmeg and combine with 10ml of diethyl ether in a 50ml round bottom flask. * Place a heating mantle under the round bottom, turned on and the heat was slowly adjusted until the mixture starts to boil for 45minutes, then let cool to room temperature by sitting it on the lab bench. * Pour a little ether over the nutmeg residue on the filter paper so that any Diethyl ethanol traces clinging to it is washed down and mixed with the filtered liquid underneath.
Gene therapy is the use of DNA as a pharmaceutical agent to treat disease. It originates its name from the idea that DNA can be used to enhance or alter genes within an individual's cells as a therapy to treat disease. PGD has many advantages - being able to test for more than 1,000 genetic conditions including Cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, Sickle-cell anaemia, Tay-Sachs disease and Down syndrome. This allows doctors to examine embryonic cells for certain genetic and chromosomal disorders and lets parents make implantation decisions based on the results Adults who know that they are carriers of a genetic disorder can undergo PGD to ensure their children won’t inherit the disorder meaning that if the disease you carry requires treatment throughout the course of your life, it may save you a small fortune because even though it costs a lot to have the PGD test it will save you a great deal in the long term. Parents can focus on specific areas of DNA involved in any conditions the parents may have doubts about.
Diffusion and Osmosis Lab Part 1A: Diffusion Evidence: Table 1: The Color of Different Solutions Before and After Diffusion for 30 Minutes Content | Initial Solution Color | Final Solution Color | Bag15% glucose1%starch | Cloudy white | Very dark purple | BeakerWater + IKI | Golden yellow | Golden yellow | The above table represents the final and initial colors of the solution that was inside of the dialysis tubing and the solution that was in the beaker. A 15% glucose and 1% starch solution was placed inside of the dialysis tubing. The initial color of the solution in the bag was a cloudy white but after 30 minutes of sitting in the beaker of water and IKI the color turned a very dark purple almost black. Inside of the beaker was a water and IKI solution. After sitting for 30minutes this solution stayed the same color.
Three separate trials were conducted. In each trial there were three samples being tested and measured for growth. The first sample was milk, the second sample was milk and E. coli, and the third sample was milk, E. coli and garlic. After about a 24 hour period of incubation in test tubes, each sample was transferred to a Petri dish containing blood agar and put in a warm environment. For 5 days the samples in the Petri dishes were measured for growth.
Assess every hour, then change to every 2 hours and prn when patient is without pharmacological or mechanical ventilatory support: •respiratory rate •heart rate and rhythm •blood pressure •temperature •O2 saturation by pulse oximeter •urine output •chest tube drainage •drainage • Pain score *4. Draw mixed venous gas on admission, every 24 hrs, and p.r.n. for calibration if oximetric PA catheter in place. *5. Obtain within 30 minutes of admission: •ABG with ionized calcium •SvO2 (measured by Blood Gas Lab), oximetric PA catheter only •Na, K, Cl, BUN, Cr, CO2, glucose, magnesium,
Describe in detail how a technician performs each of the following diagnostic tests with a sample of serum that contains specific antibodies, and indicate the advantages and disadvantages associated with each test . (1) the complement fixation test, (2) the fluorescent antibody test, (3) the radioimmunoassay, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The complement fixation test is used to detect antibodies for several types of viruses, fungi, and bacteria involves a two step process.. The first part or test system utilizes the patient’s serum, a preparation of antigen from the suspected pathogen, and complement from guinea pigs. The second part, the indicator system, uses sheep red blood cells and prepared antibodies that recognize the sheep red blood cells.
While the water was sitting, I put each portion of beet into individual beakers and began to test each portion individually. For tests 1-4 I soaked each piece of beet in water warmed to it’s corresponding temperature for one minute. I then removed the beet from the water and placed it back into its beaker then added 3ml of the room temperature tap water. I then let it sit for 20 minutes. For test 5, I placed the dry beet in its beaker and put it into the refrigerator for 30 minutes, removed it, and added 3ml room temperature tap
T-cells destroy foreign substances directly or indirectly by releasing various substances. B-cells respond to infection by differentiating into plasma cells, which secrete certain antibodies to eliminate foreign substances. They filter and help activate the immune system. After the fluids are filtered they’re collected by the efferent vessels and emptied to the cardiovascular system. Lymph nodes are important in the immune system.
Next 3 more test tubes were filled with ~4 mL of the distilled water solution were placed in the same ice bath. Finally, 100mL of Pseudomonas syringae, nutrient bath and Escherichia coli (instead of ionized water) was added to different test tubes and whether there was a phase change or not was recorded. This was treated as the student designed test. Results: In the preliminary test it was determined that when Pseudomonas syringae was mixed with distilled water the solution formed ice crystals. But there
This protein joins with other proteins and acts as a checkpoint to protect the immune system from doing too much destruction. A brake in this protein then created a bigger destructing of cancerous tumors. The full version is the MDX-010, which is responsible for killing Shirley’s cancer cells. The use of this medication is also supposed to protect against cancer for the rest of the patient’s life. Scientists have tested possible cancer cures for years now.