People who think they have taken a drug but really haven’t may display the effects of the drug because they expect to be affected by it. The learned expectations regarding a drugs effect vary from culture to culture. 13.Depressant: reduce the central nervous system activity. Many depressants increase GABA neurotransmitter activity. Effect of alcohol: Alcohol has an impact on the dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmitters.
Extreme use of alcohol and other drugs can damage the brain and can sometimes cause hallucinations or other symptoms of a mental disorder but is only usually caused by excessive use of alcohol and drugs. Another cause for a mental disorder is infection. Infection can lead to the rise of mental illnesses and schizophrenia has been linked to flu. Another physical cause of a mental disorder is the biochemistry including neurotransmitters and hormones. Neurotransmitters are known to have an impact on behaviour such as high levels of nor adrenaline and dopamine are seen when a depressed mood is evident e.g.
Depressants act on the central nervous system to suppress or slow bodily processes and to reduce overall responsiveness. Stimulants increase the overall activity and responsiveness of the central nervous system. Hallucinogens produce sensory or perceptual distortions, including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic hallucinations. Some ways you can recognize if someone is on drugs is by their physical, emotional, and behavioral appearance. You can tell if they have bloodshot eyes, dilated or constricted pupils.
For example, it is made of the chemicals phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol. These chemicals together create a deadly combination in the brain. According to a recent article from South Africa, Phenylalanine (a component of aspartame) is known to regulate neurotransmitters. The study highlights the possible adverse effects of phenylalanine wherein it disrupts the chemical makeup of the brain and also lowers the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, which in turn affects its functions such as sleep, appetite, mood, and behavior. Phenylalanine also disrupts amino acid metabolism, hormonal equilibrium, and nerve functions.
Should Addiction to Drugs Be Labeled a Brain Disease? YES: Alan Lesher maintains that chronic use of drugs changes how the brain works so drastically that recurring use of drugs becomes its sole focus and thus addiction is a brain disease. Lesher says that determining physical or physiological dependency of drugs will no longer help the cause of addiction, ad that the main aspect of drug use is whether the drug eventually causes compulsive, uncontrollable cravings. It is these compulsive cravings that will do the most damage to the individual, their families, and society. Lesher says, “Addiction is a brain disease expressed in the form of compulsive behavior.” As with most chronic diseases, addiction should also be treated with multiple recurring treatments since the brain chemistry of addicts often causes them to relapse into drug use.
This leads to the oxidation of neurons when dopamine accidentally enters the serotonin axons through reuptake transporters (Sferios, 2002). This occurs because serotonin is heavily depleted from the synapse while dopamine levels are still high (Sferios, 2002). After dopamine enters the presynaptic neuron cells, it is broken down by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) into hydrogen peroxide (Sferios, 2002). Both dopamine and hydrogen peroxide are toxic to the cell and cause this oxidation effect (Sferios, 2002). Usually these neurons die and regrowth is unlikely.
a. By inhibiting the pituitary secretion of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), alcohol also affects urine excretion. ADH acts on the kidney to reabsorb water, so when it is inhibitted, ADH levels drop, the kidneys don't reabsorb as much water and the kidneys produce more urine. b. Alcohol, once consumed, enters the bloodstream and causes the pituitary gland in the brain to block the creation of vasopressin.
People who usually take Crystal Meth seek the pleasure from the chemical reaction in the brain and a hyper effect on the body systems. People who use Crystal Meth will experience hyper activity and won’t be able to properly sleep and will become lazy. People who take Crystal Meth appear normal, but for many years of taking the drug, the hidden effects build up. Methamphetamine addiction is very damaging to the body and mind. Bad temper and social difficulties are obvious effects.
Alcohol Crisis Intervention BSHS/471 Alcohol Crisis Intervention Alcohol dependency can play a huge role when it comes to dealing with certain situations. A person who is depressed may turn to alcohol to alleviate these problems. Alcohol has a negative effect on relationships, mental, physical, and emotional states. The users who depend on alcohol to suppress these emotions and issues put him or her in harms way. Alcohol can be physically damaging for many aspects of the body including important organs such as the liver and pancreas.
Brain Part | Alcohol’s Effects on Brain Parts | Cerebral Cortex | When alcohol reaches this part of the brain, a person can lose judgment and lower his or her inhibitions. Alcohol here also affects how the brain gets information from the senses, which might cause blurry vision and difficulty in smelling, tasting, and hearing. | Hypothalamus | This lobe of the cerebral cortex helps a person with planning, making decisions, and using self-control. Alcohol can harm a person’s ability to plan, make decisions, and use self-control. If alcohol is used over a long period of time, this part of the brain can be damaged permanently.