This product, dibromocholesterol, was washed and debrominated by an elimination reaction using zinc dust. Percent yield and recovery evaluated the efficiency of this synthesis. Melting point and thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis assessed the purity of commercial cholesterol, dibromocholesterol, and synthesized cholesterol by physical analysis. Chemical tests evaluated the purity of these samples by assessing the presence of specific functional groups. Silver nitrate tested for 2o and 3o alkyl halides expected in dibromocholesterol and sulfuric acid tested for alkenes expected in cholesterol.
Abstract The objective of the south street seaweed experiment is to make a tincture of iodine. Iodine is used commercially as an antiseptic on cuts and scrapes of the skin. Conceptually, one of the active ingredients of the tincture, iodide, can be extracted from seaweed. By adding the seaweed to water and applying heat energy into the mixture, we were able to extract iodide. After adding Iodine salts, and filtering the mixture our next goal was to test for three important chemicals that must exist in our mixture for it to be a true iodine tincture; Iodine, Iodide Ion and the triiodide ion.
The summer of 2000 showed a softening in the overall charcoal category and some consumers switching to gas grilling due to increased pricing. Research analysis showed that the charcoal category declined in growth from 4 percent in 1998 to 2 percent in 1999. While competitors such as Royal Oak and private label brands increased their prices, Kingsford was faced with the question of whether they should do the same. Upon receiving all the necessary data and information, brand managers Marcilie Smith Boyle and Allison Warren focused on four areas of development: pricing, advertising, promotion and production capacity. The 10 percent increase of private label bags led to some consumers switching to gas grilling and others moving to the Kingsford brand, increasing its market share.
“Crimes against the environment take many different forms. These include illegal dumping of toxic industrial waste, and illegal logging and destruction of the rainforest. However, many actions that harm the environment are not illegal, at least not in every country. Some sociologists argue that this is irrelevant, since we should study all environmental harms, including ones that are legal.” Using material from Item A and elsewhere assess sociological contributions to our understanding of the nature of environmental crime. (21 marks) The massive increase in productivity and the technology of modern society’s resources, in more developed countries, have created new risks.
Scientific Literacy Paper Question: What are the medicinal values of Echinacea? Journal Format: Plant Biotechnology Journal Literature Review Echinacea species (E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida) are believed to have first been used medicinally by Native American Indians and have since had a long history of therapeutic applications (Balan et al., 2012). The anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial qualities of Echinacea make it a popular treatment in fighting upper respiratory infections such as colds, but it has a wide array of other uses. This literature review aims to examine a small sample of those other uses by looking at the effects of Echinacea plants in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. As an example of Echinacea’s anti-inflammation properties, the aforementioned species, E. purpurea, has demonstrated the ability to treat acne.
1. Even though imperialism existed to some extent before the industrial revolution, it gave industrialized countries many reasons to peruse it. Vast raw materials are needed to properly maintain a strong industrial economy. Many believe the industrial revolution began in Great Britain, which was very powerful but small in terms of land, population, and available resources. This gives them an incentive to colonize areas where there are large amounts of raw material instead of just paying for the materials.
The Hypothesis was accepted that beak size would increase almost 2 mm, from the original 20.0cm when the study was started. Mistakes would be you can’t predict if the perception would stay the same threw out 200 years. An increase of rain may also deplete the island eroding away the edges, making the island smaller from the original size of 0.7mm across. Increase perception could also lead to starvation due to erosion of the island, less room for plants to grow the sufficient amount of seeds to feed over 900 birds. As Wallace quoted, “The numbers that die annually must be immense, and as the individual existence of each animal depends upon itself, those that die must be the weakest- the very existence can only be the most perfect in health and vigor- those who are best able to obtain food regularly, and avoid their numerous enemies.
The Latin West, 1200-1500 The Western Europeans traditionally referred to themselves as Latins. Approximately 80 million Europeans were living rurally at the time. While China’s population decreased as a result of Mongol conquest, the European population revived due to a better economy, and possibly fewer major diseases. Also, warmer weather may have increased harvests and decreased mortality rates. The Black Death greatly diminished Europe’s population, originating in China and spread by Mongol conquests.
That balance slowly adjusted over the next 20 years due to reduced production. The price of gas peaked at the end of that cycle in 2008 at $12.69 /mmBtu (millions of British Thermal Units) based on the Henry Hub Natural Gas Front Month Futures (a standard for finding the pricing point of natural gas). However, because of the economic crisis and the emerging shale gas market, the price lowered to $6.50 between 2008 and 2010. The quickly expanding market increased supply so much that it hit a low price of $1.82/mmBtu in 2010. It has averaged $3.50/mmBtu in recent years due to new fracking technologies and government subsidies (McElroy, Lu, 2013).
The UK has used the vast majority of its easily accessible energy reserves already. Most of the remaining coal is very deep underground in geologically complex formations making it expensive to mine. Furthermore, much of this coal is high in sulfer which contributes to acid rain, and the clean deposits require opencast mining which is even more damaging to the environment as they are often found closer to settlements. As a result of this, it has become cheaper for the UK to import the vast majority of their coal from South Africa and Australia as they have the right conditions to mine it. This makes them both cheaper and less environmentally damaging than Britain.