Once again elderly females are more likely to end up with osteoarthritis than males. (Swift,(2012) Muscular atrophy is a third problem common in the elderly. This is simply a loss of muscle mass due to a lack of physical activity. (Evans, (2010) Pain, stiffness, and injury can lead to an inability or unwillingness to perform normal daily chores. As the muscle atrophies it becomes increasingly weaker.
If this fails, a pancrelipase and sodium bicarbonate solution may be instilled in order to "digest" the clog. Metabolic complications: Metabolic complications of enteral nutrition are similar to those that occur during PN, although the incidence and severity may be less. Careful monitoring can minimize or prevent metabolic complications. Refeeding syndrome: Refeeding of severely malnourished patients may result in "refeeding syndrome" in which there are acute decreases in circulating levels of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. The sequel of refeeding syndrome adversely affect nearly every organ system and include cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, acute respiratory failure, coma, paralysis, nephropathy, and liver dysfunction.
The four main goals in treating this disease is to induce remission, maintain remission, improve the patient’s quality of life, and minimize toxicity. Since Crohn’s disease is a life time chronic illness, treating it has evolved and expanded to include healing the intestinal mucosa, preventing complications of Crohn’s disease, preventing hospitalization, and preventing surgery. Treatment for Crohn’s disease depends on how severe the case is. A mild case requires antibiotics including 5-amniosalicylates (olsalazine, dipentum). There are many side effects to these medications, abdominal pain, gas, nausea, hair loss, headaches, and dizziness.
2. Explain how poor nutrition can contribute to an individual’s experience of dementia. Poor nutrition can make the symptoms of dementia worse, increase risk of more frequent infections requiring use of antibiotics. Malnutrition also affects immune system making it difficult to fight an infection. Effects of poor nutrition:- • Higher risk of infection • Reduced wound healing • Dermatological problems • Constipation • Disturbed sleeping pattern • Weight loss/gain Dementia can greatly affect a person's relationship to food and eating.
Dieting involves trying to eat less than usual. It involves placing a cognitive limit on food intake and attempting to eat up to a limit that is less than usual. Research has shown that up to 70% of women diet at some point in the lives, which shows that dieting happens often which can either be successful or unsuccessful. Studies by Herman and Mack (1975) and Wardle and Beales (1988) show success and failure of dieting and the causes and consequences. Also Failure to Dieting has been linked to overeating which will be discussed as they play a major role of Dieting.
Other risks from lupus are infections, cancer, bone tissue death, and pregnancy complications. Bone tissue death occurs when the blood supply of a bone reduces causing tiny breaks in the bone and eventually the bone collapses. The hip joint is the most commonly affected bone. People with lupus are more vulnerable to infections because the disease and treatments weaken the immune system. Some treatments for lupus are NSAIDs, antimalarial drugs, corticosteroids, and immune suppressants.
This is measured in terms of the impact of being absent (absenteeism) from work or being less productive at work that a healthy person (presenteeism), and loss of productivity due to premature mortality caused by obesity. The indirect costs are associated with productivity losses (both absenteeism and presenteeism) and premature mortality is estimated to be $6.4 billion in 2008/2009. In addition to the costs of obesity related to healthcare, productivity and premature death, the burden of disease costs associated with obesity were estimated to be approximately $30 billion in 2008/2009. Notably, this is significantly larger than the other costs presented above and are important to consider, as this estimate captures not only the financial but also the social costs of obesity. Absenteeism was found to be 14 percent higher is obese employees compared with normal-weight employees in the working population.
Endoscopy is usually indicated in patients with these symptoms who are older than 45 and have failed to respond to treatment with histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2 Ant) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) . Chest pain is of particular concern as cardiac symptoms can be very similar in presentation and character with oesophageal reflux and Angina Pectoris. The pharmacist should also note that abnormal gastric reflux of stomach contents in Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux (GORD) may in some cases cause extra-oesophageal symptoms such as cough, dental erosions, pharyngitis, sinusitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and recurrent otitis media. These should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this
Preventative measures such as educating about the effects of thumb sucking, prolonged pacifier use or bottle-feeding since early detection and treatment is key in minimizing complications. The potential damage orofacial myofunctional disorders have on a person’s self-esteem, communication and functioning ability in addition to future dental problems and the lack of familiarity most people have with OMD, should prove that this disorder needs more attention and more
Dying to be Thin Melanie Hogan HCA 415 Professor Clark April 15, 2013 Dying to be Thin Living in a society that is infatuated with being thin and sex appeal, it is obvious why eating disorders are so prominent in the United States. Food- related disorders including Bulimia, binge eating, and food phobias are becoming more common, but the leading eating disorder in the United States is Anorexia Nervosa (Anorexia for short). Anorexia is a severe eating disorder, in which an individual drastically reduces their calorie intake to the point of starvation. Although, Anorexia can affect anyone of any color at any time in their life, its primary target is adolescent and young adult females. The cause of this disorder is unknown, but people