270). Expansionary fiscal policy raises interest rates, whereas contractionary fiscal policy lowers the rates. The way that a person can track the policy that is recommended, is by looking at the output. If it has increased, the price level of such commodity is to rise as well. When there is a larger demand for more expensive commodities, the demand for money increases and the cost to borrow follows.
When the demand for U.S. dollars increases, the value of the dollar will increase or appreciate (Stone 2008, pp. 685). As a result, U.S. products become more expensive for foriegners causing a reduction in exports and increasing imports. This not only effects the U.S. economy, but also affects the economies in other countries. Monetary policies influence and are influenced by international developments, including exchange rates, and based on these market conditions the U.S. government can make strategic changes to these policies to maintain the country’s economic stability (full employment, stable growth and price stability).
The shortage of funds will cause the interest rate to increase, resulting in two reactions: 1. More savers will enter the market to supply loanable funds because the reward (interest rate) is now higher. 2. Some potential borrowers will decide not to demand loanable funds at the higher interest rate. Factors That Affect Interest Rates: 1.
If the interest rate is low, it will cause more funds to be available, greater expansion and increased employment. If the interest rate is high, it will cause fewer funds to be available, less expansion, and decreased employment. Fiscal policy is an important tool for managing the economy because of its ability to affect the total amount of output produced or the gross domestic product. The first impact of a fiscal expansion is to raise the demand for goods and services. This greater demand leads to increases in both output and prices.
Unemployment will increase, prices will go down and output will be reduced. Over a longer period of time, lower resource costs will cause a shift to the right in aggregate supply. The economy will move to producing a level of output consistent with full employment (as was the case before the decrease in aggregate demand), but at a lower price level. 18. Contrast the pros and cons of protectionist policies.
Necessity will drive the income demand first and then as necessities are met and money increases, then luxury item demands will begin to increase. During a period where demand for Luxury items increase they will do it at a higher rate than the demand for
Change in the price level B. Increase in aggregate supply C. Increase in aggregate demand D. Decrease in aggregate demand 3. Which combination of fiscal policy actions would most likely be offsetting? A. Increase taxes and government spending B.
This is because as price falls consumers can afford more goods as their real incomes increase and they feel richer. Real income is the bundle of goods and services that an individual can purchase. As we move from A1 to A2 utility increases from U1 to U2 because we move to a higher indifference curve so now the individual can now consume a better bundle of goods. This backs up the non satiation assumption of consumption which states more is better thus when we increase consumption total utility increase. The four axioms of consumption: Transitivity, Non-satiation, Marginal rate of substitution in consumption and Completeness must be met in order to be able to draw
Distinguish between a Change in Supply and a Change in Quantity Supplied. List and explain the factors that will shift a supply curve. Use demand and supply curves to determine the equilibrium price and quantity of a good. Use demand and supply curves to show the effect changes in supply and/or demand have on the price and quantity of a good. • Define Price
Decreasing the interest rate effectively increases consumer and businesses consumption. Lower interest rates also increase investments and net exports (Hubbard, 868). These increases push true GDP back in line with potential GDP and, as a result, production increases. This increase in production also increases the need for workers, ultimately increasing employment. Conclusion The Federal Reserve is a very powerful entity and has a large amount of influence on how our nation’s economy performs.