Mideast Policy. During most of the 20th century, U.S. businesses have worked on attaining oil rights and concessions from countries in the Middle East and Eastern Europe. After WWI, secret back door deals by our State Dept. yielded oil rights from then defeated Turkey to fields in what is now Iraq and Saudi Arabia, in return for looking the other way at a crime against humanity, the Genocide of the Armenians by the Turks. Oil profits have been the motivating factors behind many attempts at counterinsurgency of democratic regimes by the CIA and the U.S in the Middle East (such as Iran in the 1950s, where the Shah replaced the Prime Minister who refused to give up oil rights to the U.S., and since the people couldnt deal with the Shah, an extremist government headed by the Ayatollah Khomeini ultimately prevailed).
-but the neutrality act covered only implements of war. Roosevelt accordingly called for a voluntary restriction, a "moral embargo". -that embargo aroused the protest of the Italian government and met with general defiance by American oil companies. The American policy preceded by many weeks economic sanctions by the league which did not include oil. -when Congress convened in 1936 one of its first task was to replace the neutrality resolution of 1935, but in the end it extended the existing act until May 1, 1937, with amendments banning credits to belligerents and leaving it up to the president to decide that a state of war existed before the act could be
The Suez crisis caused great controversy within Britain and also did a lot to threaten Britain’s world relations, especially with the USA. The Crisis began as a result of Egypt’s Colonel Nasser failing to get funding from the USA for his high dam project which he believed would help Egypt to become a more powerful wealthy nation and bring its industry in line with that of other global powers. Nasser then turned to the Suez Canal for a source of national income. The canal was vital to Britain and France to allow for trade with many eastern countries. Britain had recently removed its troop from the area around the canal, so Nasser decided to nationalise the canal and impose a toll which he could use to fund the dam.
Upon arriving in France, the delegation was told by three French agents, referred to in reports as X, Y, and Z, that in order to speak to Foreign Minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, they would have to pay a large bribe, provide a loan for the French war effort, and Adams would have to apologize for anti-French statements(militaryhistory.about.com). Refusing to comply, the delegation departed and returned home. This event prompted the Federalist slogan, "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." The Quasi War also had many effects on both France and the United States. The biggest effect was the new United States navy and the weakened French(American Pageant 13th ed.).
Treasury gave $500 billion to keep financial markets from being rocked by bad judgment of bankers and politicians. Aroused the suspicion of pro-lifers by appointing as secretary of Health and Human Services Dr. Louis Sullivan who had been a pro-choice defender; refused to support UN programs that funded compulsory abortion abroad and praised the Supreme Court decision Webster v. Reproductive Health Services of Missouri, weakened the Roe v. Wade decision; but wouldn’t sign the bills limiting federal funding for abortion service. Bush sought to mend fences in the African-American community by appointing General Colin Powell to head the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
“The Bush administration’s embrace of torture and secret detentions has led our country down a dark hallway,” said Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse (D-Rhode Island), who sponsored legislation to restrict CIA interrogations, including banning the CIA from using contractors to question detainees. Indeed, CIA Director Panetta announced such a ban in 2009. Another change proposed by Congress and signed into law by President Obama was the requirement of prompt notification of the International Committee of the Red Cross when a new prisoner enters CIA custody, and the granting of Red Cross access to that detainee. Obama also issued an executive order banning coercive interrogation practices, including waterboarding. President George W. Bush has previously vetoed a Congressional bill that sought to limit CIA interrogators to a shortlist of Army-approved tactics.
The U.S and Great Britain helped build this dam by offering fund. Although the U.S seemed to be able to help they withdrew from the cause. Americans withdrew from the dam because Nasser began to have access with a communist camp this led Dulles, the secretary of state to withdraw from it. The Suez Canal was owned by Great Britain and France when NAsser nationalize it the Suez crisis started. The owners of the Suez Canal Great Britain and France both attempted to assault Egypt.
Thus, the Eisenhower era witnessed not only conservatism and caution against communism but also drastic economic, social and cultural transformation. 2. How did Eisenhower balance assertiveness and restraint in his foreign n policy in Vietnam, Europe and
INDUSTRIAL REGULATION Industrial regulation focuses on control of businesses so that they produce economic outcomes that benefit society. These regulations were first started in the United States after the Civil War, where an expansion of business created monopolies and affected how consumers could purchase product. Governmental control was initiated through creation of regulations such as the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1914. Regulation of industry affects the market by ensuring monopoly pricing doesn’t exist, which could negatively affect consumers and society. Monopolies harm the market by not allowing cost reductions as scene in a natural monopoly by avoiding high prices and restrictions in output of an unregulated monopoly.
France said that John Jay’s treaty with the British violated the Franco-American alliance made during the War of Independence. In public, France rejected the US, though secretly sent three agents, known as X, Y, and Z, to request that the Americans pay a huge bribe to start the negotiations. President Adams revealed the “XYZ Affair” to the American public in April of 1798. The people’s response was the slogan, “millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.” Worrying about war with France made the government create the Navy and increase the size of the Army. American ships were authorized to attack any French vessels harassing them.