Western Europe’s expansion of Atlantic trade, through exploration and colonization, not only improved their own economy, but also the economy of America, through sharing new trade products and crops as well as beginning the slave trade. Western Europe began exploring other parts of the world around the mid-1400s. They first started out with primarily explorers from Portugal and Spain. Some of these people were Christopher Columbus, Francisco
*British also got the country of India* -1762: British forces invaded Cuba and took it over. - War's outcome cause much instability within Native American tribes; Pontiac's Rebellion( 1763 ) resulted in a reevaluation of British policies- a Proclamation Line was established. Proclamation Line in this they came up with a new law to restrict western expansion by English settlers. The line was based on where the Appalachian Mountains was. - Acts of intimidation against Native American's in Pennsylvania- the Paxton Boys.
2.Europeans seek new trade routes is the most significant because it opened up new trading opportunities. 3. The Renaissance encouraged, among other things, a new spirit of adventure and curiosity. 4.Prince Henry’s goal was to reach the source of the treasures in the East and to spread the Christian faith. Vasco de Gama accomplished his goal.
Spain established an enormous empire in Central and South America and lay claim to large portions of western North America. • Native Americans in Mesoamerica and South America were severely subjugated 2. Portugal established Brazil as a sugar colony and imported massive numbers of slaves from Africa 3. England colonized the east coast of North America (eventually developing into 13 American colonies) and several islands in the Caribbean as sugar colonies 4. France established a colony in modern-day Canada as well as sugar colonies in the Caribbean II.
Ironically, the _________ were the world’s greatest slave traders and later became the most aggressive suppressers of the slave trade. 18. Africans wanted European manufactured goods, so when the ___________ ended, Africans expanded their ___________ trade by developing new exports. 19. The most successful export from West Africa after abolition was _________________.
The largest continuity experienced during this time was the idea of exploration and expansion. Spurred by Christopher Columbus’ discovery of the Americas in 1492, others countries, besides Spain, began to send their own fleets and voyages over to the New World to claim land for their mother countries. The strong demand that European countries still had for sugar and raw materials was another reason that journeys across the Atlantic took place. As those raw materials were gathered and sent back to Europe, the idea of mercantilism became increasingly prominent towards the end of the 16th century, especially in the North American
• Groups within European society—including competing monarchs, merchants, impoverished nobles and commoners, Christian missionaries, and persecuted minorities—all had strong, if different, motivations for participating in empire building. • European states and trading companies enabled the effective mobilization of both human and material resources. • European seafaring technology, built on Chinese and Islamic precedents, allowed Europeans to cross the Atlantic with growing ease. • European ironworking technology, gunpowder weapons, and horses initially had no parallel in the Americas. • Divisions within and between local societies provided allies for European invaders.
Chapter 20 Study Guide Vocabulary: 1. Factories - Portuguese trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce 2. El Mina - most important of early Portuguese trading factories in the forest zone of Africa. 3. Royal African Company - chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia 4. triangular trade - commerce linking Africa, the new world colonies, and Europe; slaves carried to America for sugar, and tobacco transported to Europe 5.
Discuss the goals of British, French and Spanish exploration in North America and the means by which each nation attempted to achieve them.” The Age of Exploration began in the late 15th Century, as European nations, having the ocean technology, began to see the potential of the New World. The massive territories, countless riches, and experienced native peoples, meant that a claim in the Americas could easily boost a nation’s wealth, status and reputation. The European powerhouses; Great Britain, France and Spain each had their goals set for exploration and conquest in the New World. Each set out to create a name for themselves on American soil, and as the competition increased between the nations, violence often broke out. The Columbus’ voyage in 1492 convinced Spain that it could dominate the New World.
The Brits and Dutch signed a treaty in 1619, which allowed the British 1/3 of the spice industry and gave the Dutch the rest. In 1623, the British East India Factory in the Pacific was attacked by the Dutch. The ones who died immediately were lucky because the survivors were tortured and then were killed. After the collapse of imperialism, many countries regained control of their land and changed their names back to what they were before. Imperialism and slavery were so horrendous back then.