Early American Involvement In Vietnam

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The Vietnam War – Teaching Notes #15 I. The United States Focuses on Vietnam A. Early American Involvement in Vietnam 1. The Growth of Vietnamese Nationalism -When the Japanese seized power in Vietnam during WWII, it was one more example of foreigners ruling the Vietnamese people. -China had controlled the region off and on for hundreds of years. -From the late 1800s until WWII, France ruled Vietnam and neighboring Laos and Cambodia—a region known collectively as French Indochina. -By the early 1900s, nationalism had become a powerful force in Vietnam; the Vietnamese formed several political parties to push for independence or reform of the French colonial government.…show more content…
-The Vietminh fought back against the French-dominated regime and slowly increased their control over large areas of the countryside. -As fighting between the two sides escalated, France appealed to the U.S. for help. -The U.S. opposed colonialism, but the independence movement in Vietnam had become entangled with the Communist movement. -American officials did not think France should control Vietnam, but they did not want Vietnam to be Communist either. -Two events convinced the Truman administration to help France—the fall of China to communism, and the outbreak of the Korean War. -When Eisenhower took office in 1953, he continued to support the French military campaign against the Vietminh. -By 1954, the U.S. was paying roughly ¾ of France’s war costs. -During a news conference that year, Eisenhower defended the U.S. policy in Vietnam by stressing what became known as the domino theory—the belief that if Vietnam fell to communism, so too would other nations of Southeast Asia. B. The Vietminh Drive out the…show more content…
Throughout the early years of the war, the American commander in South Vietnam, General William Westmoreland, reported that the enemy was on the brink of defeat. -In 1967 he confidently declared that the “enemy’s hopes are bankrupt” and added, “we have reached an important point where the end begins to come into view.” -However, day after day, millions of Americans saw images of wounded and dead Americans and began to doubt government reports. -In the view of many, a credibility gap had developed, meaning it was hard to believe what the Johnson administration said about the war. -Beginning in January 1966, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee held “educational” hearings on Vietnam, calling in Secretary of State Dean Rusk and other policy makers to explain the administration’s war program. B. An Antiwar Movement Emerges 1. Teach-Ins Begin -In March 1965, a group of faculty members and students at the University of Michigan abandoned their classes and joined together in a teach-in; here, they informally discussed the issues surrounding the war and reaffirmed their reasons for opposing it. 2. Anger at the
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