“If an animal is aware of its actions, it is aware of itself.” –Luigi Hilario Throughout history it has been debated whether or not mammals have had the ability to reason of even be aware of one ‘self’. It was believed that “only humanity had a soul”. But as Charles Darwin believed, “the mental habits, beliefs and facial expressions and even the “love of deity” have evolved” (“Inception of Darwin’s theory” Wikipedia). Mammals have grown and evolved to use these abilities of reason to better help survival and living within their community. Research has demonstrated that all mammals including canines, dolphins and bonobos, have fundamental basic emotional systems.
Bowlby believed that attachments are natural and adaptive. He also believed that we are all born with an inherited need to form attachments and this is to help us survive. This can also line up with Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which explains that any behaviour that helps us to survive to maturity and reproduce will be maintained in the gene pool. For example; a baby relies on its mother for food and care etc and without the mother the baby would be helpless. Babies have social releaser which unlocks the innate tendency for adults to care for them; these are both physical and behavioural social releasers.
The similarities can be seen throughout our bodies. For instance, humans and the African apes all lack external tails and have hands with a thumb that is sufficiently separate from the other fingers to allow them to be opposable for precision grips. Humans are also sexually dimorphic –males are 5-10% larger on average and have greater upper body muscular development. Like chimpanzees, they are omnivores. We kill other animals for food in addition to eating a wide variety of plants.
It is believed the development has a biological process and this can be predicted over time. E.g. a child should be able to walk and talk at a given age. Nature Physical appearance Physical appearance is affected by our nature because our genes are what determine how we look. Our genes are inherited from our parents meaning that we tend to look like our parents and have the same or similar features from one or both of them.
Psychology personal statement As a social species the lives of human beings revolve around the interactions we have with one another, so surely an interest in people and their behaviour is a natural curiosity? As we grow up in society we subconsciously study human behaviour so we can understand people and fit in; in this way I believe we are all psychologists. For some, the insight into the human psyche is only as deep as their own experience but for me the exposure to psychology provided by everyday life and popular culture is not enough, the mind is too complex a puzzle to be left untouched. I seek a greater understanding of this fundamental part of our existence. Part of what draws me to psychology is the way in which it marries multiple disciplines; it is both an art
However, despite the funny part of the story, we discovered that Monkey D. Luffy, the main character, also possesses some leadership theories we learned in the class. These theories are “Trait Approach Theory,” “Authentic Leadership Theory” and “Charismatic Leader Theory.” Trait theories of leadership focus on personal qualities and characteristics, in another word, Leaders who like being around people and are able to assert themselves
One of the classifications written in that book is the ‘primate’, which is mentioned to have three kinds of teeth, pendulous male genitalia, and etc; humans, are also included there. Humans, the creatures controlling the world, are together with apes in the same order. Further is even suspected, that humans are the peaks of ape’s evolution. It is said in a book written by Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species. Human has done a lot of things to change this earth to a better place: improving technologies, a great transportation system, education system, and others.
Animals are used because behaviourists assume they learn in the same way as people but are more convenient to study. Laboratory settings are favoured because they allow researchers to very precisely control the conditions under which learning occurs. Two important learning theories proposed by the behaviourist perspective are classical conditioning. Classical conditioning explains how we learn behaviours through association and operant conditioning explains how the consequences of behaviours shape behaviour. The first of the theories involved in this approach is classical conditioning.
Before I took this class I thought that a person’s development was based mostly on their nature. Nurture is how someone is raised. Nature is what is in someone’s genetics. For example, someone can be intelligent due to genetics which they received from their parents. An example, for nurture would be children would hit other children because that is what their parents did to them.
Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity First of all, from all the chapters that we have been through, I think that this one was the most important and the most interesting to me. Indeed, I have always known that peers influence us a lot because of our development through lifespan, and that our genes affect our biology, but the real question in this chapter was to know how nature, which means genes, and nurture, which means environment, interact together to determine our behavior. In other words, behavior genetics tried to explain individual differences but before that, they had to know if we were born with these differences or if we acquire them thanks to societal influence or peers influence. This is what we call Nature-Nurture Debate, one of the most important debates in the history of Psychology. The main purpose of this research application paper is to explain how the concepts of this chapter have changed my understanding of myself.